[FEATURE] Cron: Use "Component" mechanisms to gather and register jobs

[mjansenDatabay]

This pull request continues the initiative started by @nhaagen in pull request #8731 to gather and register cron jobs based on the mechanisms of the "Component Revision".

With this PR, following the deprecation announcement in ILIAS 11 (#11395), cron job implementations will (there are exceptions) no longer have a __construct. Dependencies are initialized in an init method, where class members can be populated by pulling services from the $DIC. init will then be called whenever the cron component decides that it needs fully initialized cron jobs. This procedure will be necessary as long as our code base is not fully migrated to the "Component" mechanisms.

Instead of individual reviews for each modification in the components contributing cron jobs, the changes will be announced at the next JF meeting. This provides all "Authorities to Sign off on Code Changes" with a designated period, spanning "several weeks", to submit comments, remarks, or change requests. This approach accommodates the expectation that formal approval from every authority may not be feasible.

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What this PR also does / Breaking Changes:

• It removes the \ILIAS\Cron\Job\JobProvider public interface, which helped ILIAS plugins (of any kind) to contribute cron jobs.
• It removes the \ILIAS\Cron\CronHookPlugin plugin slot

[mjansenDatabay]

@smeyer-ilias

• I had to introduce a minimal PHP interface for a "Logger Factory" in components/ILIAS/Logging/src/LoggerFactory.php. This is required to instantiate cron jobs in the build process (in the <Component>.php file) and passing a mock logger factory to the constructor.
• Furthermore, I had to $define this interface and also put it to the $internal container (as well as a mock "Logging Setting" instance) in the Logging.php component file to make them work.

The mocks are necessary as long as the "Logging" component is not fully migrated to the "Component Revision End Game".

[matthiaskunkel]

Jour Fixe, 13 APR 2026: We highly appreciate this suggestion and accept the PR for trunk / ILIAS 12. Nevertheless, we need to address the language handling problem of plugins / external components to load their language variables in the future. We should have a common workshop on this topic in the very near future.
We ask all maintainers to have a look at this PR and give feedback or ask Michael in case of questions. Michael plans to merge the PR in the next six weeks.

[kergomard]

Thank you very much for this improvement!

I would have a small request: Could you please stick to using array-access to the $DIC in User?

Other than this I really like the change and changes in Test and User are perfectly fine.

Thank you very much and best,
@kergomard