[2.0] Add new Frontier-CS 2.0 problem vector_db_ann_disk

[hyj2003]

Summary

Please read CONTRIBUTING.md before submitting.

Type of Change

• New research problem
• New algorithmic problem
• New Frontier-CS 2.0 problem
• Bug fix
• Documentation update
• Other:

Testing

Checklist

• Code follows the project structure and conventions
• Self-review completed
• Documentation updated (if applicable)

CI Validation (for new problems)

When adding new problems, CI will automatically validate that your reference solution achieves score > 0.

• Algorithmic problems: Include reference.cpp in your problem directory
• Research problems: Include reference.py (or reference.cpp if language: cpp in config.yaml)
• 2.0 problems: Include reference.py unless the problem config declares another language