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‎_data/authors.yml‎

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full_name: "Raas Ahsan"
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twitter: "RaasAhsan"
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github: "RaasAhsan"
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armanbilge:
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full_name: "Arman Bilge"
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twitter: "armanbilge"
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github: "armanbilge"

‎collections/_posts/2022-09-17-typelevel-native.md‎

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---
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layout: post
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title: Typelevel Native
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category: technical
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meta:
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nav: blog
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author: armanbilge
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---
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#### What is Scala Native?
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Scala Native is an optimizing ahead-of-time compiler for the Scala language. Put simply: it enables you to **compile Scala code directly to native executables**.
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It is an ambitious project following in the steps of Scala.js. Instead of targeting JavaScript, the Scala Native compiler targets the [LLVM] IR and uses its toolchain to generate native executables for a range of architectures, including x86, ARM/M1, and in the near future web assembly.
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#### Why is this exciting?
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**For Scala in general**, funnily enough I think [GraalVM Native Image] does a great job summarizing the advantages of native executables, namely:
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* instant startup that immediately achieves peak performance, without requiring warmup or the heavy footprint of the JVM
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* packagable into small, self-contained binaries for easy deployment and distribution
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It is worth mentioning that in benchmarks Scala Native handily beats GraalVM Native Image on startup time, runtime footprint, and binary size.
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Moreover, breaking free from the JVM is an opportunity to design a runtime specifically optimized for the Scala language itself. This is the true potential of the Scala Native project.
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**For Typelevel in particular**, Scala Native opens new doors for leveling up our libraries.
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W
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I am also excited at the prospect of using Cats Effect to work with (non-Scala) native libraries exposing a C API. [`Resource`] and more generally [`MonadCancel`] provide the necessary combinators for safely navigating manual memory managment.
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#### How does it work?
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The burden of cross-building the Typelevel ecosystem for Scala Native falls to [Cats Effect] and mostly to [FS2].
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From there, : any project
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#### How can I try it?
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Christopher Davenport has put up a [scala-native-ember-example](https://github.com/ChristopherDavenport/scala-native-ember-example) and reported some benchmark results!
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#### What's next and how can I get involved?
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* Please try the Typelevel Native stack! And even better deploy it, and do so loudly!
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* Cross-building existing libraries and developing new, Typelevel stack ones
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- a pure Scala [gRPC] implementation built on http4s would be fantastic, even for the JVM. Christopher Davenport has published [proof-of-concept][grpc-playground].
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- the fledgling [otel4s] project will need pure Scala backends
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*
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- An [NGINX Unit] server backend for http4s promises exceptional performance
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- I kick-started [http4s-curl]
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* Developing I/O-integrated runtimes.
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- [epollcat] supports Linux and macOS and has plenty of opportunity for optimization.
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- A [libuv]-based runtime
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-
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* Tooling. Anton Sviridov has spear-headed two major projects in this area:
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- [sn-bindgen]
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- [sbt-vcpkg]
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#### Ember example benchmark
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```
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$ hey -z 30s http://localhost:8080
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Summary:
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Total: 30.0160 secs
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Slowest: 0.3971 secs
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Fastest: 0.0012 secs
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Average: 0.0131 secs
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Requests/sec: 3815.4647
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Total data: 1145250 bytes
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Size/request: 10 bytes
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Response time histogram:
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0.001 [1] |
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0.041 [114486] |■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
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0.080 [7] |
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0.120 [5] |
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0.160 [5] |
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0.199 [3] |
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0.239 [5] |
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0.278 [3] |
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0.318 [4] |
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0.357 [3] |
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0.397 [3] |
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Latency distribution:
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10% in 0.0119 secs
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25% in 0.0121 secs
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50% in 0.0122 secs
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75% in 0.0125 secs
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90% in 0.0133 secs
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95% in 0.0224 secs
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99% in 0.0234 secs
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Details (average, fastest, slowest):
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DNS+dialup: 0.0000 secs, 0.0012 secs, 0.3971 secs
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DNS-lookup: 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0011 secs
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req write: 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0013 secs
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resp wait: 0.0131 secs, 0.0011 secs, 0.3941 secs
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resp read: 0.0000 secs, 0.0000 secs, 0.0010 secs
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Status code distribution:
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[200] 114525 responses
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```
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[Cats Effect]: https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/
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[epollcat]: https://github.com/armanbilge/epollcat
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[FS2]: https://fs2.io/
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[GraalVM Native Image]: https://www.graalvm.org/22.2/reference-manual/native-image/
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[gRPC]: https://grpc.io/
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[grpc-playground]: https://github.com/ChristopherDavenport/grpc-playground
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[http4s]: https://http4s.org/
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[http4s-curl]: https://github.com/http4s/http4s-curl/
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[libuv]: https://github.com/libuv/libuv/
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[LLVM]: https://llvm.org/
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[NGINX Unit]: https://unit.nginx.org/
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[io_uring]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_uring
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[sbt-vcpkg]: https://github.com/indoorvivants/sbt-vcpkg/
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[Scala Native]: https://scala-native.org/
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[sn-bindgen]: https://github.com/indoorvivants/sn-bindgen
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[`MonadCancel`]: https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/docs/typeclasses/monadcancel
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[`Resource`]: https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/docs/std/resource

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