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Write specs for new Ruby 3.2 features and changes #1016

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Write specs for new Ruby 3.2 features and changes#1016
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@eregon
eregon
opened on May 5, 2023

ruby/spec already contains some specs for 3.2, but we should aim to cover all new features and important changes.
This will improve the test coverage of these features (and maybe discover a few bugs along the way), allow other Ruby implementations to implement the changes faster with more confidence and document clearly the new behavior.

The new specs should be within a version guard block:

ruby_version_is "3.2" do
  # New specs
end

NOTE: https://rubyreferences.github.io/rubychanges/3.2.html gives more details for many features and changes.

From https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/master/doc/NEWS/NEWS-3.2.0.md:

NEWS for Ruby 3.2.0

This document is a list of user-visible feature changes
since the 3.1.0 release, except for bug fixes.

Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.

Language changes

  • Anonymous rest and keyword rest arguments can now be passed as
    arguments, instead of just used in method parameters.
    [Feature #18351]

    def foo(*)
  bar(*)
end
def baz(**)
  quux(**)
end

  • A proc that accepts a single positional argument and keywords will
    no longer autosplat. [Bug #18633]

    proc{|a, **k| a}.call([1, 2])
# Ruby 3.1 and before
# => 1
# Ruby 3.2 and after
# => [1, 2]

  • Constant assignment evaluation order for constants set on explicit
    objects has been made consistent with single attribute assignment
    evaluation order. With this code:

    foo::BAR = baz

    foo is now called before baz. Similarly, for multiple assignments
    to constants, left-to-right evaluation order is used. With this
    code:

    foo1::BAR1, foo2::BAR2 = baz1, baz2

    The following evaluation order is now used:

    1. foo1
    2. foo2
    3. baz1
    4. baz2

    [Bug #15928]

  • "Find pattern" is no longer experimental.
    [Feature #18585]

  • Methods taking a rest parameter (like *args) and wishing to delegate keyword
    arguments through foo(*args) must now be marked with ruby2_keywords
    (if not already the case). In other words, all methods wishing to delegate
    keyword arguments through *args must now be marked with ruby2_keywords,
    with no exception. This will make it easier to transition to other ways of
    delegation once a library can require Ruby 3+. Previously, the ruby2_keywords
    flag was kept if the receiving method took *args, but this was a bug and an
    inconsistency. A good technique to find the potentially-missing ruby2_keywords
    is to run the test suite, for where it fails find the last method which must
    receive keyword arguments, use puts nil, caller, nil there, and check each
    method/block on the call chain which must delegate keywords is correctly marked
    as ruby2_keywords. [Bug #18625] [Bug #16466]

    def target(**kw)
end

# Accidentally worked without ruby2_keywords in Ruby 2.7-3.1, ruby2_keywords
# needed in 3.2+. Just like (*args, **kwargs) or (...) would be needed on
# both #foo and #bar when migrating away from ruby2_keywords.
ruby2_keywords def bar(*args)
  target(*args)
end

ruby2_keywords def foo(*args)
  bar(*args)
end

foo(k: 1)

Core classes updates

Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.

Fiber

  • Introduce Fiber.[] and Fiber.[]= for inheritable fiber storage.
    Introduce Fiber#storage and Fiber#storage= (experimental) for
    getting and resetting the current storage. Introduce
    Fiber.new(storage:) for setting the storage when creating a
    fiber. [Feature #19078]

    Existing Thread and Fiber local variables can be tricky to use.
    Thread-local variables are shared between all fibers, making it
    hard to isolate, while Fiber-local variables can be hard to
    share. It is often desirable to define unit of execution
    ("execution context") such that some state is shared between all
    fibers and threads created in that context. This is what Fiber
    storage provides.

    def log(message)
  puts "#{Fiber[:request_id]}: #{message}"
end

def handle_requests
  while request = read_request
    Fiber.schedule do
      Fiber[:request_id] = SecureRandom.uuid

      request.messages.each do |message|
        Fiber.schedule do
          log("Handling #{message}") # Log includes inherited request_id.
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

    You should generally consider Fiber storage for any state which
    you want to be shared implicitly between all fibers and threads
    created in a given context, e.g. a connection pool, a request
    id, a logger level, environment variables, configuration, etc.

Fiber::Scheduler

  • Introduce Fiber::Scheduler#io_select for non-blocking IO.select.
    [Feature #19060]

IO

  • Introduce IO#timeout= and IO#timeout which can cause
    IO::TimeoutError to be raised if a blocking operation exceeds the
    specified timeout. [Feature #18630]

    STDIN.timeout = 1
STDIN.read # => Blocking operation timed out! (IO::TimeoutError)

  • Introduce IO.new(..., path:) and promote File#path to IO#path.
    [Feature #19036]

Class

  • Class#attached_object, which returns the object for which
    the receiver is the singleton class. Raises TypeError if the
    receiver is not a singleton class.
    [Feature #12084]

    class Foo; end

Foo.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> Foo
Foo.new.singleton_class.attached_object    #=> #<Foo:0x000000010491a370>
Foo.attached_object                        #=> TypeError: `Foo' is not a singleton class
nil.singleton_class.attached_object        #=> TypeError: `NilClass' is not a singleton class

Data

  • New core class to represent simple immutable value object. The class is
    similar to Struct and partially shares an implementation, but has more
    lean and strict API. [Feature #16122]

    Measure = Data.define(:amount, :unit)
distance = Measure.new(100, 'km')            #=> #<data Measure amount=100, unit="km">
weight = Measure.new(amount: 50, unit: 'kg') #=> #<data Measure amount=50, unit="kg">
weight.with(amount: 40)                      #=> #<data Measure amount=40, unit="kg">
weight.amount                                #=> 50
weight.amount = 40                           #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `amount='

Encoding

  • Encoding#replicate has been deprecated and will be removed in 3.3. [Feature #18949]
  • The dummy Encoding::UTF_16 and Encoding::UTF_32 encodings no longer
    try to dynamically guess the endian based on a byte order mark.
    Use Encoding::UTF_16BE/UTF_16LE and Encoding::UTF_32BE/UTF_32LE instead.
    This change speeds up getting the encoding of a String. [Feature #18949]
  • Limit maximum encoding set size by 256.
    If exceeding maximum size, EncodingError will be raised. [Feature #18949]

Enumerator

  • Enumerator.product has been added. Enumerator::Product is the implementation. [Feature #18685]

Exception

  • Exception#detailed_message has been added.
    The default error printer calls this method on the Exception object
    instead of #message. [Feature #18564]

Hash

  • Hash#shift now always returns nil if the hash is
    empty, instead of returning the default value or
    calling the default proc. [Bug #16908]

Integer

Kernel

  • Kernel#binding raises RuntimeError if called from a non-Ruby frame
    (such as a method defined in C). [Bug #18487]

MatchData

Module

Proc

Process

  • Added RLIMIT_NPTS constant to FreeBSD platform

Regexp

  • The cache-based optimization is introduced.
    Many (but not all) Regexp matching is now in linear time, which
    will prevent regular expression denial of service (ReDoS)
    vulnerability. [Feature #19104]

  • Regexp.linear_time? is introduced. [Feature #19194]

  • Regexp.new now supports passing the regexp flags not only as an Integer,
    but also as a String. Unknown flags raise ArgumentError.
    Otherwise, anything other than true, false, nil or Integer will be warned.
    [Feature #18788]

  • Regexp.timeout= has been added. Also, Regexp.new new supports timeout keyword.
    See [Feature #17837]

Refinement

Set

  • Set is now available as a built-in class without the need for require "set". [Feature #16989]
    It is currently autoloaded via the Set constant or a call to Enumerable#to_set.

String

  • String#byteindex and String#byterindex have been added. [Feature #13110]
  • Update Unicode to Version 15.0.0 and Emoji Version 15.0. [Feature #18639]
    (also applies to Regexp)
  • String#bytesplice has been added. [Feature #18598]
  • String#dedup has been added as an alias to String#-@. [Feature #18595]

Struct

  • A Struct class can also be initialized with keyword arguments
    without keyword_init: true on Struct.new [Feature #16806]

    Post = Struct.new(:id, :name)
Post.new(1, "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">
# From Ruby 3.2, the following code also works without keyword_init: true.
Post.new(id: 1, name: "hello") #=> #<struct Post id=1, name="hello">

Thread

Thread::Queue

Thread::SizedQueue

Time

  • Time#deconstruct_keys is added, allowing to use Time instances
    in pattern-matching expressions [Feature #19071]

  • Time.new now can parse a string like generated by Time#inspect
    and return a Time instance based on the given argument.
    [Feature #18033]

SyntaxError

TracePoint

  • TracePoint#binding now returns nil for c_call/c_return TracePoints.
    [Bug #18487]
  • TracePoint#enable target_thread keyword argument now defaults to the
    current thread if a block is given and target and target_line keyword
    arguments are not passed. [Bug #16889]

UnboundMethod

  • UnboundMethod#== returns true if the actual method is same. For example,
    String.instance_method(:object_id) == Array.instance_method(:object_id)
    returns true. [Feature #18798]

  • UnboundMethod#inspect does not show the receiver of instance_method.
    For example String.instance_method(:object_id).inspect returns
    "#<UnboundMethod: Kernel#object_id()>"
    (was "#<UnboundMethod: String(Kernel)#object_id()>").

Stdlib updates

Bundler

RubyGems

CGI

  • CGI.escapeURIComponent and CGI.unescapeURIComponent are added.
    [Feature #18822]

Coverage

  • Coverage.setup now accepts eval: true. By this, eval and related methods are
    able to generate code coverage. [Feature #19008]

  • Coverage.supported?(mode) enables detection of what coverage modes are
    supported. [Feature #19026]

Date

  • Added Date#deconstruct_keys and DateTime#deconstruct_keys same as [Feature #19071]

ERB

  • ERB::Util.html_escape is made faster than CGI.escapeHTML.
    * It no longer allocates a String object when no character needs to be escaped.
    * It skips calling #to_s method when an argument is already a String.
    * ERB::Escape.html_escape is added as an alias to ERB::Util.html_escape,
    which has not been monkey-patched by Rails.
  • ERB::Util.url_encode is made faster using CGI.escapeURIComponent.
  • -S option is removed from erb command.

FileUtils

  • Add FileUtils.ln_sr method and relative: option to FileUtils.ln_s.
    [Feature #18925]

IRB

  • debug.gem integration commands have been added: debug, break, catch,
    next, delete, step, continue, finish, backtrace, info
    * They work even if you don't have gem "debug" in your Gemfile.
    * See also: What's new in Ruby 3.2's IRB?
  • More Pry-like commands and features have been added.
    * edit and show_cmds (like Pry's help) are added.
    * ls takes -g or -G option to filter out outputs.
    * show_source is aliased from $ and accepts unquoted inputs.
    * whereami is aliased from @.

Net::Protocol

Pathname

Socket

  • Added the following constants for supported platforms.
    * SO_INCOMING_CPU
    * SO_INCOMING_NAPI_ID
    * SO_RTABLE
    * SO_SETFIB
    * SO_USER_COOKIE
    * TCP_KEEPALIVE
    * TCP_CONNECTION_INFO

SyntaxSuggest

  • The feature of syntax_suggest formerly dead_end is integrated in Ruby.
    [Feature #18159]

UNIXSocket

  • Add support for UNIXSocket on Windows. Emulate anonymous sockets. Add
    support for File.socket? and File::Stat#socket? where possible.
    [Feature #19135]

  • The following default gems are updated.

    • RubyGems 3.4.1
    • abbrev 0.1.1
    • benchmark 0.2.1
    • bigdecimal 3.1.3
    • bundler 2.4.1
    • cgi 0.3.6
    • csv 3.2.6
    • date 3.3.3
    • delegate 0.3.0
    • did_you_mean 1.6.3
    • digest 3.1.1
    • drb 2.1.1
    • english 0.7.2
    • erb 4.0.2
    • error_highlight 0.5.1
    • etc 1.4.2
    • fcntl 1.0.2
    • fiddle 1.1.1
    • fileutils 1.7.0
    • forwardable 1.3.3
    • getoptlong 0.2.0
    • io-console 0.6.0
    • io-nonblock 0.2.0
    • io-wait 0.3.0
    • ipaddr 1.2.5
    • irb 1.6.2
    • json 2.6.3
    • logger 1.5.3
    • mutex_m 0.1.2
    • net-http 0.3.2
    • net-protocol 0.2.1
    • nkf 0.1.2
    • open-uri 0.3.0
    • open3 0.1.2
    • openssl 3.1.0
    • optparse 0.3.1
    • ostruct 0.5.5
    • pathname 0.2.1
    • pp 0.4.0
    • pstore 0.1.2
    • psych 5.0.1
    • racc 1.6.2
    • rdoc 6.5.0
    • readline-ext 0.1.5
    • reline 0.3.2
    • resolv 0.2.2
    • resolv-replace 0.1.1
    • securerandom 0.2.2
    • set 1.0.3
    • stringio 3.0.4
    • strscan 3.0.5
    • syntax_suggest 1.0.2
    • syslog 0.1.1
    • tempfile 0.1.3
    • time 0.2.1
    • timeout 0.3.1
    • tmpdir 0.1.3
    • tsort 0.1.1
    • un 0.2.1
    • uri 0.12.0
    • weakref 0.1.2
    • win32ole 1.8.9
    • yaml 0.2.1
    • zlib 3.0.0

  • The following bundled gems are updated.

    • minitest 5.16.3
    • power_assert 2.0.3
    • test-unit 3.5.7
    • net-ftp 0.2.0
    • net-imap 0.3.4
    • net-pop 0.1.2
    • net-smtp 0.3.3
    • rbs 2.8.2
    • typeprof 0.21.3
    • debug 1.7.1

See GitHub releases like GitHub Releases of Logger or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.

Compatibility issues

  • String#to_c currently treat a sequence of underscores as an end of Complex
    string. [Bug #19087]

  • Now ENV.clone raises TypeError as well as ENV.dup [Bug #17767]

Removed constants

The following deprecated constants are removed.

Removed methods

The following deprecated methods are removed.

Error printer

  • Ruby no longer escapes control characters and backslashes in an
    error message. [Feature #18367]

Constant lookup when defining a class/module

  • When defining a class/module directly under the Object class by class/module
    statement, if there is already a class/module defined by Module#include
    with the same name, the statement was handled as "open class" in Ruby 3.1 or before.
    Since Ruby 3.2, a new class is defined instead. [Feature #18832]

Stdlib compatibility issues

  • Psych no longer bundles libyaml sources.
    And also Fiddle no longer bundles libffi sources.
    Users need to install the libyaml/libffi library themselves via the package
    manager like apt, yum, brew, etc.

    Psych and fiddle supported the static build with specific version of libyaml
    and libffi sources. You can build psych with libyaml-0.2.5 like this.

    $ ./configure --with-libyaml-source-dir=/path/to/libyaml-0.2.5

    And you can build fiddle with libffi-3.4.4 like this.

    $ ./configure --with-libffi-source-dir=/path/to/libffi-3.4.4

    [Feature #18571]

  • Check cookie name/path/domain characters in CGI::Cookie. [CVE-2021-33621]

  • URI.parse return empty string in host instead of nil. [sec-156615]

C API updates

Added C APIs

  • VALUE rb_hash_new_capa(long capa) was added to created hashes with the desired capacity.
  • rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook and rb_internal_thread_add_event_hook were added to instrument threads scheduling.
    The following events are available:
    • RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_STARTED
    • RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_READY
    • RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED
    • RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_SUSPENDED
    • RUBY_INTERNAL_THREAD_EVENT_EXITED
  • rb_debug_inspector_current_depth and rb_debug_inspector_frame_depth are added for debuggers.

Removed C APIs

The following deprecated APIs are removed.

  • rb_cData variable.
  • "taintedness" and "trustedness" functions. [Feature #16131]

Implementation improvements

  • Fixed several race conditions in Kernel#autoload. [Bug #18782]

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