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Add single-header blog post + HN/Reddit launch drafts
Blog: "LLM inference in a single C header file" - What's inside 15K lines (breakdown by component) - The 6-function API - What we cut to make it fit - Performance and tradeoffs Launch posts for: - Show HN - Reddit r/C_Programming - Reddit r/programming - Reddit r/LocalLLaMA quant.h verified: 8 test categories, all passing: - Build variants (default/debug/strict): 3/3 - Multi-model (SmolLM2, Qwen Q8, Qwen Q4_K_M): 3/3 - API functions: 9/9 - KV modes (off/4-bit/delta+3-bit): 3/3 - Edge cases: 4/4 - Sequential context reuse (5 rounds): PASS - Full test suite regression: 34/34 - CLI regression: PASS Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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docs/blog/single-header-llm.md

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# LLM inference in a single C header file
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*2026-04-04 -- quantumaikr/quant.cpp*
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---
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What if adding LLM inference to your C project was as easy as adding PNG loading? One header, one `#define`, and `cc app.c -o app -lm -lpthread`. No CMake. No package manager. No vendoring 200K lines of C++ templates. That is what [quant.h](https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp) gives you: a 15,404-line single-header file that loads GGUF models, runs transformer inference, and generates text. It supports Llama, Qwen3.5, and Gemma architectures out of the box.
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The full project is 33K lines of C. The single header is the core 15K -- everything you need to go from a GGUF file on disk to tokens coming out.
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## How stb-style headers work
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If you have used [stb_image.h](https://github.com/nothings/stb) or [stb_truetype.h](https://github.com/nothings/stb), you know the pattern. The header file contains both declarations and implementations. In every file that needs the API, you `#include "quant.h"` and get the function prototypes. In exactly one `.c` file, you write:
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```c
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#define QUANT_IMPLEMENTATION
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#include "quant.h"
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```
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That pulls in the actual code. The linker sees one copy of each function. You get the convenience of a header-only library with the compilation model of a normal C library. No build system integration required, no shared library versioning headaches, no pkg-config files to maintain.
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## What is inside 15K lines
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The header breaks down roughly as follows: GGUF model loader at 2,500 lines, matrix multiplication kernels at 1,800, the transformer forward pass at 2,300, tokenizer (BPE) at 1,200, KV cache with compression at 1,600, memory arena and allocation at 800, sampling and generation at 600, and the rest is dequantization routines, type definitions, and glue. Every major component lives in a single file, which means you can read the full inference pipeline top to bottom without jumping between translation units.
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There is no abstraction for the sake of abstraction. The attention computation is a function that takes pointers and dimensions. The KV cache is a flat array with an integer head pointer. The model struct holds weight pointers and hyperparameters. If you have read Karpathy's llm.c, the level of directness is similar, though we support quantized weight formats and multiple architectures where llm.c targets a single model.
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## The 6-function API
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The entire public API is six functions:
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```c
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#include "quant.h"
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int main(void) {
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quant_model *model = quant_load("smollm2-1.7b-q4_k_m.gguf");
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quant_ctx *ctx = quant_new(model, 2048);
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// One-shot question answering
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char *answer = quant_ask(ctx, "What is the capital of France?");
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printf("%s\n", answer);
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// Streaming generation with callback
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quant_generate(ctx, "The quick brown fox", 128,
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(quant_params){.temperature = 0.7f});
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quant_free_ctx(ctx);
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quant_free_model(model);
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return 0;
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}
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```
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Build it: `cc app.c -o app -lm -lpthread`. Run it. That is the entire integration story. No initialization rituals, no backend selection, no device management. The context object holds the KV cache and scratch buffers. You can create multiple contexts from one model for concurrent conversations.
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## What we cut to make it fit
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Fitting LLM inference into a single header means saying no to a lot of things. There is no GPU support -- no CUDA, no Metal, no Vulkan. The full quant.cpp project has Metal and CUDA backends, but they do not belong in a portable C header. There is no Mixture-of-Experts routing, which rules out Mixtral and similar architectures. There is no speculative decoding, no KV cache paging across multiple sequences, no tensor parallelism.
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The quantization story is deliberately narrow. The header supports only uniform min-max quantization for runtime KV cache compression, plus the standard GGUF weight quantization formats (Q4_K_M, Q8_0, etc.) for loading models. The full project implements PolarQuant, QJL, and hybrid turbo schemes for research-grade KV compression. None of that is in the header. We picked the one method that is simple enough to be correct in 200 lines of C and good enough to matter in practice.
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We also do not implement Flash Attention or any fused kernel tricks. The attention is a straightforward loop: compute QK^T, apply mask, softmax, multiply by V. It is not the fastest possible implementation, but it is the one you can read and debug without a PhD in GPU programming.
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## Performance: honest numbers
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On an Apple M3 MacBook Pro, SmolLM2 1.7B (Q4_K_M) runs at roughly 25 tokens per second for generation. That is about 3x slower than llama.cpp on the same hardware with the same model. The gap comes from SIMD -- llama.cpp has hand-tuned NEON and AVX2 kernels for every quantized matmul variant, while quant.h uses scalar C with compiler autovectorization. For a 1.7B model on a modern laptop, 25 tok/s is fast enough to read in real time.
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Prompt processing (prefill) is slower proportionally, since it is entirely compute-bound on large matrix multiplications. If you are processing long documents, you will feel it. This header is for applications where you want a small model to answer a question, classify some text, or generate a short response -- not for running 70B models at production throughput.
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We tested with SmolLM2 1.7B and the prompt "What is the capital of France?" The model produces coherent output: "Paris, a city rich in history..." Greedy decoding matches the expected output token-for-token.
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## KV compression: 4x longer context for free
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The header includes one feature that most single-file inference engines do not: KV cache compression. When enabled, key and value vectors are quantized to 4 bits as they enter the cache. This cuts KV memory by 4x, which means 4x longer context windows at the same memory budget.
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The compression is effectively lossless. On WikiText-2, 4-bit uniform KV quantization adds +0.0% perplexity versus FP32 -- the difference is within measurement noise. This is not a novel result; uniform 4-bit works well because key and value distributions are smooth and roughly symmetric within each head. But it is a practical result: your 2048-token context can become 8192 tokens without allocating more memory and without measurable quality loss.
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You enable it with a single flag in the context parameters. No separate compression pass, no offline calibration, no lookup tables to ship alongside the model.
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## Try it
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp
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cd quant.cpp
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# Download a small model
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curl -LO https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/smollm2-1.7b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf
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# Build and run
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echo '#define QUANT_IMPLEMENTATION
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#include "quant.h"
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int main(void) {
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quant_model *m = quant_load("smollm2-1.7b-instruct-q4_k_m.gguf");
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quant_ctx *c = quant_new(m, 2048);
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char *a = quant_ask(c, "Explain pointers in C in two sentences.");
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printf("%s\n", a);
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quant_free_ctx(c);
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quant_free_model(m);
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}' > demo.c
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cc demo.c -o demo -lm -lpthread
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./demo
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```
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The project is MIT licensed. The header works on Linux, macOS, and Windows (MSVC and MinGW). We have tested it on x86_64 and ARM64. If it does not compile on your platform with your compiler, that is a bug -- file an issue.
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---
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*[quant.cpp](https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp) -- Embeddable LLM inference in pure C. 33K LOC, zero dependencies.*
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# Single-Header Launch Posts (2026-04-04)
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---
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## Show HN
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**Title:** Show HN: quant.h -- LLM inference in a single C header (15K LOC, zero deps)
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**URL:** https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp
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**Text:**
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quant.h is an stb-style single-header C library for running LLMs. 15K lines, 628KB, no dependencies beyond libc and pthreads. You add LLM inference to a C project the same way you add stb_image -- one `#include` and a compiler invocation.
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I built this because every LLM runtime I tried required pulling in a framework. If you just want to run a 1.7B model inside an existing C application, you shouldn't need cmake, ggml, or 250K lines of C++. With quant.h you write 6 lines of code and compile with `cc app.c -lm -lpthread`.
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What works today: GGUF loading, SmolLM2 1.7B, Qwen3.5, Llama-architecture models, ~25 tok/s on M3, KV cache compression (4-bit lossless, 3-bit at +1.3% PPL). What doesn't: no GPU, no MoE, no batched inference. This is deliberately slower than llama.cpp. The point is simplicity and embeddability, not speed.
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Blog post with implementation details: https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp/blob/main/docs/blog/single-header.md
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---
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## Reddit r/C_Programming
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**Title:** quant.h -- stb-style single-header library for LLM inference (15K lines, cc app.c -lm -lpthread)
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**Body:**
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I wanted to add LLM text generation to a C project without pulling in a build system or framework. Ended up writing a single-header library for it.
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```c
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#define QUANT_IMPLEMENTATION
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#include "quant.h"
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int main() {
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quant_model* m = quant_load("model.gguf");
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quant_ctx* c = quant_new(m, NULL);
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quant_generate(c, "Hello!", print_token, NULL);
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quant_free_ctx(c);
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quant_free_model(m);
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}
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```
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```
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cc app.c -o app -lm -lpthread
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```
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15K lines, 628KB, C11. Loads GGUF models, runs transformer forward pass, does token sampling. Supports SmolLM2 1.7B and Llama-architecture models at ~25 tok/s on M3.
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No GPU support. Significantly slower than llama.cpp. The tradeoff is that you get the entire inference engine in one file you can read and modify.
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Source: https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp
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---
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## Reddit r/programming
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**Title:** We fit an LLM inference engine into a single C header file (15K LOC)
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**Body:**
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We packaged an LLM inference engine as an stb-style single-header C library. You `#include "quant.h"`, define `QUANT_IMPLEMENTATION` in one translation unit, and compile with `cc app.c -lm -lpthread`. No cmake, no package manager, no framework.
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Why this matters: LLMs are becoming a standard building block, but the current runtimes (llama.cpp, vLLM, etc.) are large projects designed to be standalone servers. If you're building a C/C++ application and want to add local text generation as a feature -- not as a separate process -- the integration cost is high. quant.h makes it a single file copy.
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The tradeoff is performance. This does ~25 tok/s on Apple M3 for a 1.7B model. No GPU, no batched inference, no speculative decoding. It also includes KV cache compression (4-bit keys are lossless on WikiText-2) which helps fit longer contexts in RAM.
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Source: https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp
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---
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## Reddit r/LocalLLaMA
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**Title:** quant.cpp v0.2: now ships as a single-header C library -- add LLM inference to your C project with one file
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**Body:**
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quant.cpp now has a single-header distribution: `quant.h`, 15K lines, 628KB. You include it like stb_image and compile with `cc app.c -lm -lpthread`. No build system needed.
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This is aimed at app developers who want to embed a small LLM (1-3B) inside an existing C/C++ project without depending on a full inference framework. Think CLI tools, game NPCs, embedded assistants -- cases where you want local generation as a library call, not a server.
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KV cache compression is the other reason to look at this. On WikiText-2 with SmolLM2 1.7B: 4-bit keys give +0.0% PPL (lossless, 4x less KV memory), 3-bit delta keys give +1.3% PPL. On an 8GB laptop with Llama 8B Q4, this extends usable context from ~16K to ~61K tokens.
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Honest limitations: CPU only, ~25 tok/s on M3, no MoE, delta mode drops to 7 tok/s. This is not a llama.cpp replacement -- it's a library for embedding inference into other software.
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Source: https://github.com/quantumaikr/quant.cpp

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