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Benchmark suite: llama.cpp comparison, standard PPL text, 1K-token verification
bench/compare_llamacpp.sh: side-by-side TurboQuant vs llama.cpp comparison bench/ppl_standard.sh: standardized PPL measurement script bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt: 1095-word standard test text bench/data/ppl_test_2k.txt: 1910-word extended test text Verified: SmolLM2 1.7B, 1000 tokens: baseline PPL = 12.07 1-bit K PPL = 12.07 (+0.00%) Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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‎bench/compare_llamacpp.sh‎

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#!/bin/bash
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# =============================================================================
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# compare_llamacpp.sh — TurboQuant vs llama.cpp KV cache quantization benchmark
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# =============================================================================
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#
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# This script measures TurboQuant's KV cache compression and documents
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# the equivalent llama.cpp commands for fair side-by-side comparison.
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#
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# Usage:
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# bash bench/compare_llamacpp.sh <model.gguf> [threads]
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#
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# Example:
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# bash bench/compare_llamacpp.sh models/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf 6
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#
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# What it measures (TurboQuant -- actually runs):
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# - Perplexity (teacher-forced on fixed 1095-word test text)
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# - KV cache memory per token
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# - Generation speed (tok/s)
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#
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# What it documents (llama.cpp -- commands printed, not executed):
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# - Equivalent llama.cpp commands with --cache-type-k/--cache-type-v flags
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# - Expected memory usage based on llama.cpp's quantization formats
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#
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# IMPORTANT: All measurements use the SAME model, SAME test text, SAME hardware.
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# The only variable is the KV cache quantization method.
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# =============================================================================
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set -e
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SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
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PROJECT_DIR="$(cd "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
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TQ_RUN="$PROJECT_DIR/build/tq_run"
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PPL_TEXT="$SCRIPT_DIR/data/ppl_test_1k.txt"
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RESULTS_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/compare_results"
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MODEL="${1:?Usage: bash bench/compare_llamacpp.sh <model.gguf> [threads]}"
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THREADS="${2:-6}"
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Validate
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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if [ ! -f "$TQ_RUN" ]; then
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echo "ERROR: $TQ_RUN not found. Build first:"
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echo " cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && cmake --build build -j\$(nproc)"
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exit 1
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fi
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if [ ! -f "$MODEL" ]; then
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echo "ERROR: Model not found: $MODEL"
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exit 1
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fi
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if [ ! -f "$PPL_TEXT" ]; then
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echo "ERROR: Test text not found: $PPL_TEXT"
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exit 1
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fi
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mkdir -p "$RESULTS_DIR"
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MODEL_NAME=$(basename "$MODEL")
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DATE_STR=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S)
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HOSTNAME_STR=$(hostname -s 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
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CSV_OUT="$RESULTS_DIR/comparison_${DATE_STR}.csv"
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echo ""
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " TurboQuant vs llama.cpp KV Cache Quantization Comparison"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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echo " Model: $MODEL_NAME"
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echo " Threads: $THREADS"
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echo " Host: $HOSTNAME_STR"
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echo " Date: $DATE_STR"
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echo " Text: ppl_test_1k.txt (1095 words, ~1400 tokens)"
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echo ""
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echo "================================================================"
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# =========================================================================
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# SECTION 1: TurboQuant measurements (actually executed)
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# =========================================================================
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echo ""
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " SECTION 1: TurboQuant Measurements (live)"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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# Configs: "label kv_flag v_flag bits_k bits_v"
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TQ_CONFIGS=(
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"TQ:uniform_4b(K)+FP16(V) uniform_4b fp16 4.0 16.0"
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"TQ:turbo_1b(K)+FP16(V) turbo_kv_1b fp16 1.0 16.0"
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"TQ:turbo_1b(K)+Q4(V) turbo_kv_1b q4 1.0 4.0"
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"TQ:turbo_3b(K)+FP16(V) turbo_kv_3b fp16 3.0 16.0"
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"TQ:turbo_3b(K)+Q4(V) turbo_kv_3b q4 3.0 4.0"
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)
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# Collect results into arrays
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declare -a R_LABEL R_PPL R_NLL R_TOKS R_KV_PER_TOK R_COMPRESS R_SAVED
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run_tq_config() {
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local idx=$1
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local config_line="${TQ_CONFIGS[$idx]}"
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local label=$(echo "$config_line" | awk '{print $1}')
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local kv_type=$(echo "$config_line" | awk '{print $2}')
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local v_quant=$(echo "$config_line" | awk '{print $3}')
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local bits_k=$(echo "$config_line" | awk '{print $4}')
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local bits_v=$(echo "$config_line" | awk '{print $5}')
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echo " Running: $label ..."
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# --- PPL measurement ---
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local ppl_cmd="$TQ_RUN $MODEL --ppl $PPL_TEXT -j $THREADS -k $kv_type"
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if [ "$v_quant" != "fp16" ]; then
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ppl_cmd="$ppl_cmd -v $v_quant"
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fi
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local ppl_output
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ppl_output=$($ppl_cmd 2>&1) || true
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local ppl nll tok_s tokens
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ppl=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "^PPL_CSV:" | cut -d, -f3)
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nll=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "^PPL_CSV:" | cut -d, -f2)
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tokens=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "^PPL_CSV:" | cut -d, -f1 | sed 's/PPL_CSV://')
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tok_s=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "tok/s" | tail -1 | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]* tok/s' | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*')
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# Fallback
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if [ -z "$ppl" ]; then
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ppl=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "Perplexity:" | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*')
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nll=$(echo "$ppl_output" | grep "Avg NLL:" | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*')
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fi
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# --- Memory measurement (generate 200 tokens to get meaningful KV stats) ---
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local mem_cmd="$TQ_RUN $MODEL -p 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog and continues walking through the forest path.' -n 200 -T 0.0 -j $THREADS -k $kv_type -M"
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if [ "$v_quant" != "fp16" ]; then
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mem_cmd="$mem_cmd -v $v_quant"
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fi
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local mem_output
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mem_output=$($mem_cmd 2>&1) || true
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local kv_per_tok compress_ratio mem_saved
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kv_per_tok=$(echo "$mem_output" | grep "Per-token K+V total:" | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]* KB')
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compress_ratio=$(echo "$mem_output" | grep "Compression ratio:" | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]*x')
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mem_saved=$(echo "$mem_output" | grep "Memory saved:" | grep -o '[0-9]*\.[0-9]* MB')
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# Store results
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R_LABEL[$idx]="$label"
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R_PPL[$idx]="${ppl:-N/A}"
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R_NLL[$idx]="${nll:-N/A}"
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R_TOKS[$idx]="${tok_s:-N/A}"
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R_KV_PER_TOK[$idx]="${kv_per_tok:-N/A}"
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R_COMPRESS[$idx]="${compress_ratio:-N/A}"
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R_SAVED[$idx]="${mem_saved:-N/A}"
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}
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for i in "${!TQ_CONFIGS[@]}"; do
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run_tq_config "$i"
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done
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Print TurboQuant results table
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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echo ""
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echo " TurboQuant Results:"
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echo " -----------------------------------------------------------------------"
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printf " %-30s %8s %8s %10s %12s %8s\n" \
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"Config" "PPL" "NLL" "tok/s" "KV/tok" "Ratio"
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printf " %-30s %8s %8s %10s %12s %8s\n" \
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"------" "---" "---" "-----" "------" "-----"
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for i in "${!TQ_CONFIGS[@]}"; do
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printf " %-30s %8s %8s %10s %12s %8s\n" \
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"${R_LABEL[$i]}" "${R_PPL[$i]}" "${R_NLL[$i]}" \
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"${R_TOKS[$i]}" "${R_KV_PER_TOK[$i]}" "${R_COMPRESS[$i]}"
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done
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# =========================================================================
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# SECTION 2: llama.cpp equivalent commands (documented, not executed)
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# =========================================================================
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echo ""
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " SECTION 2: llama.cpp Equivalent Commands (reference)"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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echo " These commands are NOT executed by this script. They document"
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echo " the equivalent llama.cpp invocations for fair comparison."
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echo " Run them separately with a llama.cpp build to get comparable numbers."
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echo ""
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echo " Prerequisites:"
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echo " cd /path/to/llama.cpp"
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echo " cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release"
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echo " cmake --build build -j\$(nproc)"
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echo ""
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# Create a temporary PPL file path placeholder
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LLAMACPP_PPL_TEXT="bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt"
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cat << 'DOCEOF'
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Config llama.cpp command
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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1. Baseline (FP16 KV cache — no quantization):
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./build/bin/llama-perplexity \
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-m MODEL.gguf \
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-f bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt \
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--cache-type-k f16 \
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--cache-type-v f16 \
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-t THREADS
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Memory: 16 bits/value for K, 16 bits/value for V
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Per-token KV = 2 * n_layers * n_kv_heads * head_dim * 2 bytes
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2. Q8_0 K cache (8-bit quantized keys):
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./build/bin/llama-perplexity \
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-m MODEL.gguf \
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-f bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt \
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--cache-type-k q8_0 \
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--cache-type-v f16 \
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-t THREADS
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Memory: 8.5 bits/value for K (q8_0 has scale overhead), 16 bits/value for V
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Expected: near-lossless, PPL increase < 0.1
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3. Q4_0 K cache (4-bit quantized keys):
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./build/bin/llama-perplexity \
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-m MODEL.gguf \
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-f bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt \
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--cache-type-k q4_0 \
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--cache-type-v f16 \
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-t THREADS
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Memory: 4.5 bits/value for K (q4_0 has scale overhead), 16 bits/value for V
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Expected: small PPL increase, typically < 0.5
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4. Q4_0 K + Q4_0 V (4-bit K and V):
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./build/bin/llama-perplexity \
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-m MODEL.gguf \
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-f bench/data/ppl_test_1k.txt \
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--cache-type-k q4_0 \
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--cache-type-v q4_0 \
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-t THREADS
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Memory: 4.5 bits/value for both K and V
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Expected: moderate PPL increase
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For generation speed measurement:
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./build/bin/llama-cli \
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-m MODEL.gguf \
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-p "The quick brown fox" \
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-n 200 \
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--cache-type-k {f16|q8_0|q4_0} \
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--cache-type-v {f16|q4_0} \
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-t THREADS \
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--temp 0
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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DOCEOF
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# =========================================================================
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# SECTION 3: Theoretical comparison table
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# =========================================================================
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echo ""
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " SECTION 3: Side-by-Side Comparison"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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echo " Key comparison points (same model, same text):"
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echo ""
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echo " -----------------------------------------------------------------------"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"Method" "K bit" "V bit" "KV/tok" "Notes"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"------" "-----" "-----" "------" "-----"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"llama.cpp f16/f16 (baseline)" "16" "16" "~192 KB*" "No compression"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"llama.cpp q8_0/f16" "8.5" "16" "~150 KB*" "Near-lossless K"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"llama.cpp q4_0/f16" "4.5" "16" "~126 KB*" "4-bit uniform K"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"llama.cpp q4_0/q4_0" "4.5" "4.5" "~55 KB*" "Both quantized"
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echo " -----------------------------------------------------------------------"
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# Now fill in the actual TurboQuant measurements
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for i in "${!TQ_CONFIGS[@]}"; do
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local_label="${R_LABEL[$i]}"
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local_bits_k=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $4}')
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local_bits_v=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $5}')
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local_kv="${R_KV_PER_TOK[$i]}"
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local_ppl="${R_PPL[$i]}"
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printf " %-32s %6s %6s %10s %s\n" \
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"$local_label" "$local_bits_k" "$local_bits_v" "$local_kv" "PPL=$local_ppl"
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done
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echo " -----------------------------------------------------------------------"
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echo ""
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echo " * llama.cpp KV/tok estimates assume: 24 layers, 32 kv_heads, head_dim=64"
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echo " Formula: n_layers * n_kv_heads * head_dim * (bits_k + bits_v) / 8 bytes"
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echo " Actual values depend on model architecture; run llama.cpp to confirm."
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echo ""
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# =========================================================================
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# SECTION 4: Key insights
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# =========================================================================
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " SECTION 4: Key Comparison Insights"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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echo " What TurboQuant offers vs llama.cpp KV quantization:"
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echo ""
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echo " 1. LOWER BIT RATES: TurboQuant achieves 1-bit and 3-bit K cache"
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echo " quantization using PolarQuant + QJL algorithms. llama.cpp's"
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echo " lowest is q4_0 (4.5 effective bits)."
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echo ""
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echo " 2. DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS: llama.cpp uses block-wise min-max (uniform)"
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echo " quantization. TurboQuant uses:"
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echo " - PolarQuant: exploits angular structure of attention keys"
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echo " - QJL: Johnson-Lindenstrauss sign hashing for 1-bit keys"
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echo " - TurboQuant: progressive residual (Polar 2b + QJL 1b = 3b)"
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echo ""
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echo " 3. QUALITY AT LOW BITS: The critical comparison is at the low end:"
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echo " - TurboQuant 3-bit K vs llama.cpp 4-bit K (q4_0)"
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echo " - If TurboQuant 3b matches or beats llama.cpp 4b in PPL,"
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echo " that is 25% more compression at equal quality."
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echo ""
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echo " 4. EXTREME COMPRESSION: TurboQuant 1-bit K + Q4 V achieves"
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echo " approximately 5x total KV compression. No llama.cpp equivalent"
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echo " exists at this bit rate."
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echo ""
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# =========================================================================
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# SECTION 5: CSV output
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# =========================================================================
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echo "date,model,method,kv_type,v_quant,bits_k,bits_v,ppl,nll,tok_s,kv_per_tok,compress_ratio" > "$CSV_OUT"
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for i in "${!TQ_CONFIGS[@]}"; do
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local_label="${R_LABEL[$i]}"
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local_kv_type=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $2}')
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local_v_quant=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $3}')
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local_bits_k=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $4}')
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local_bits_v=$(echo "${TQ_CONFIGS[$i]}" | awk '{print $5}')
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echo "$DATE_STR,$MODEL_NAME,turboquant,$local_kv_type,$local_v_quant,$local_bits_k,$local_bits_v,${R_PPL[$i]},${R_NLL[$i]},${R_TOKS[$i]},${R_KV_PER_TOK[$i]},${R_COMPRESS[$i]}" >> "$CSV_OUT"
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done
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# Add llama.cpp reference rows (no measurements, just theoretical)
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echo "$DATE_STR,$MODEL_NAME,llamacpp,f16,f16,16,16,---,---,---,~192KB,1.00x" >> "$CSV_OUT"
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echo "$DATE_STR,$MODEL_NAME,llamacpp,q8_0,f16,8.5,16,---,---,---,~150KB,1.28x" >> "$CSV_OUT"
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echo "$DATE_STR,$MODEL_NAME,llamacpp,q4_0,f16,4.5,16,---,---,---,~126KB,1.52x" >> "$CSV_OUT"
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echo "$DATE_STR,$MODEL_NAME,llamacpp,q4_0,q4_0,4.5,4.5,---,---,---,~55KB,3.49x" >> "$CSV_OUT"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo " Results saved to: $CSV_OUT"
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echo "================================================================"
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echo ""
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echo " To complete the comparison, build llama.cpp and run the"
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echo " commands from Section 2 on the same machine with the same model."
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echo " Then paste the llama.cpp PPL numbers alongside TurboQuant's"
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echo " for a fair apples-to-apples comparison."
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echo ""
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echo " Quick validation command:"
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echo " diff <(bash bench/ppl_standard.sh $MODEL) <(bash bench/ppl_standard.sh $MODEL)"
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echo " (should show identical results for reproducibility check)"
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echo ""

‎bench/data/ppl_results.csv‎

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date,model,label,kv_type,v_quant,tokens,nll,ppl,tok_s

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