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Kessler is a Python package for simulation-based inference and machine learning for space collision avoidance and assessment. It is named in honor of NASA scientist [Donald J. Kessler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Kessler) known for his studies regarding [space debris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_debris) and proposing the [Kessler syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome).
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Developed by the [FDL Europe](https://fdleurope.org/) Constellations team in collaboration with [European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)](http://www.esa.int/esoc) of the [European Space Agency (ESA)](http://www.esa.int).
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Initially developed by the [FDL Europe](https://fdleurope.org/) Constellations team in collaboration with [European Space Operations Centre (ESOC)](http://www.esa.int/esoc) of the [European Space Agency (ESA)](http://www.esa.int).
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## Documentation and roadmap
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To get started, follow the [documentation](https://kesslerlib.github.io/kessler/) examples.
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## Authors
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* Giacomo Acciarini, University of Surrey
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* Francesco Pinto, University of Oxford
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* Francesca Letizia, European Space Agency
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* Chris Bridges, University of Surrey
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* Atılım Güneş Baydin, University of Oxford
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Kessler was initially developed by the Constellations team at the Frontier Development Lab (FDL) Europe 2020, a public–private partnership between the European Space Agency (ESA), Trillium Technologies, and University of Oxford.
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Kessler was initiated by the Constellations team at the Frontier Development Lab (FDL) Europe 2020, a public–private partnership between the European Space Agency (ESA), Trillium Technologies, and University of Oxford. The main developer is [Giacomo Acciarini](https://www.esa.int/gsp/ACT/team/giacomo_acciarini/).
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Constellations team members: Giacomo Acciarini, Francesco Pinto, Sascha Metz, Sarah Boufelja, Sylvester Kaczmarek, Klaus Merz, José A. Martinez-Heras, Francesca Letizia, Christopher Bridges, Atılım Güneş Baydin
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@@ -51,7 +44,8 @@ Kessler is distributed under the GNU General Public License version 3. Get in to
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## More info and how to cite
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If you would like to learn more about or cite the techniques Kessler uses, please see the following papers:
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If you use `kessler`, we would be grateful if you could star the repository and/or cite our work.
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If you would like to learn more about or cite the techniques `kessler` uses, please see the following papers:
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* Giacomo Acciarini, Nicola Baresi, Christopher Bridges, Leonard Felicetti, Stephen Hobbs, Atılım Güneş Baydin. 2023. [“Observation Strategies and Megaconstellations Impact on Current LEO Population.”](https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/neosst2/paper/88) In 2nd NEO and Debris Detection Conference.
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```
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}
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```
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* Giacomo Acciarini, Francesco Pinto, Francesca Letizia, José A. Martinez-Heras, Klaus Merz, Christopher Bridges, and Atılım Güneş Baydin. 2021. [“Kessler: a Machine Learning Library for Spacecraft Collision Avoidance.”](https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc8/paper/226) In 8th European Conference on Space Debris.
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```
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{acciarini-2020-kessler,
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title = {Kessler: a Machine Learning Library for Spacecraft Collision Avoidance},
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author = {Acciarini, Giacomo and Pinto, Francesco and Letizia, Francesca and Martinez-Heras, José A. and Merz, Klaus and Bridges, Christopher and Baydin, Atılım Güneş},
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}
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```
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* Francesco Pinto, Giacomo Acciarini, Sascha Metz, Sarah Boufelja, Sylvester Kaczmarek, Klaus Merz, José A. Martinez-Heras, Francesca Letizia, Christopher Bridges, and Atılım Güneş Baydin. 2020. “Towards Automated Satellite Conjunction Management with Bayesian Deep Learning.” In AI for Earth Sciences Workshop at NeurIPS 2020, Vancouver, Canada. [arXiv:2012.12450](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.12450)
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```
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{pinto-2020-automated,
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title = {Towards Automated Satellite Conjunction Management with Bayesian Deep Learning},
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author = {Pinto, Francesco and Acciarini, Giacomo and Metz, Sascha and Boufelja, Sarah and Kaczmarek, Sylvester and Merz, Klaus and Martinez-Heras, José A. and Letizia, Francesca and Bridges, Christopher and Baydin, Atılım Güneş},
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}
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```
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* Giacomo Acciarini, Francesco Pinto, Sascha Metz, Sarah Boufelja, Sylvester Kaczmarek, Klaus Merz, José A. Martinez-Heras, Francesca Letizia, Christopher Bridges, and Atılım Güneş Baydin. 2020. “Spacecraft Collision Risk Assessment with Probabilistic Programming.” In Third Workshop on Machine Learning and the Physical Sciences (NeurIPS 2020), Vancouver, Canada. [arXiv:2012.10260](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.10260)
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```
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{acciarini-2020-spacecraft,
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title = {Spacecraft Collision Risk Assessment with Probabilistic Programming},
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author = {Acciarini, Giacomo and Pinto, Francesco and Metz, Sascha and Boufelja, Sarah and Kaczmarek, Sylvester and Merz, Klaus and Martinez-Heras, José A. and Letizia, Francesca and Bridges, Christopher and Baydin, Atılım Güneş},
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## Installation
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To install kessler, do the following:
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To install `kessler` locally, you can do the following:
"EventDataset(Events:1, number of CDMs per event: 2 (min), 2 (max), 2.00 (mean))\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"file_name='cdm_data/cdms_csv/sample.csv'\n",
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"df=pd.read_csv(file_name)\n",
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"events=EventDataset.from_pandas(df)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Cannot import dbm.gnu: No module named '_gdbm'\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"name": "stderr",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"/Users/giacomoacciarini/miniconda3/envs/fdl/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyprob/util.py:327: UserWarning: Empirical distributions on disk may perform slow because GNU DBM is not available. Please install and configure gdbm library for Python for better speed.\n",
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" warnings.warn('Empirical distributions on disk may perform slow because GNU DBM is not available. Please install and configure gdbm library for Python for better speed.')\n"
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