sqlparser_postgres.rs

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// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
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// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
// under the License.

#![warn(clippy::all)]
//! Test SQL syntax specific to PostgreSQL. The parser based on the
//! generic dialect is also tested (on the inputs it can handle).

#[macro_use]
mod test_utils;

use helpers::attached_token::AttachedToken;
use sqlparser::ast::*;
use sqlparser::dialect::{GenericDialect, PostgreSqlDialect};
use sqlparser::parser::ParserError;
use sqlparser::tokenizer::Span;
use test_utils::*;

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_generated_always_as_identity() {
    //With primary key
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column21 bigint primary key generated always as identity    ,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column21 BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column21 bigint primary key generated by default as identity    ,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column21 BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    //With out primary key
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column22 bigint generated always as identity    ,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column22 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column22 bigint generated by default as identity    ,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column22 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column23 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column23 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column24 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 CYCLE ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column24 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 CYCLE ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column25 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column25 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column26 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column26 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column27 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column27 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column28 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column28 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column29 bigint generated by default as identity ( INCREMENT 1 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column29 BIGINT GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column22 bigint generated always as identity    ,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column22 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column23 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column23 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column24 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 CYCLE ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column24 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 CYCLE ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column25 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column25 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column26 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column26 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column27 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column27 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column28 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column28 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    column29 bigint generated always as identity ( INCREMENT 1 ),
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        column29 BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 ), \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE table2 (
    priceInDollar numeric,
	princeInPound numeric GENERATED ALWAYS AS (priceInDollar * 0.22) STORED,
    column30 text );";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql,
        "CREATE TABLE table2 (\
        priceInDollar NUMERIC, \
	    princeInPound NUMERIC GENERATED ALWAYS AS (priceInDollar * 0.22) STORED, \
        column30 TEXT)",
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_sequence() {
    // SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();

    let sql1 = "CREATE SEQUENCE  name0";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql1, "CREATE SEQUENCE name0");

    let sql2 = "CREATE SEQUENCE  IF NOT EXISTS  name0";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql2, "CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name0");

    let sql3 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE  IF NOT EXISTS  name0";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql3, "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name0");

    let sql4 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE  name0";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql4, "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE name0");

    let sql2 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS  name1
      AS BIGINT
     INCREMENT BY  1
     MINVALUE 1  MAXVALUE 20
     START WITH 10";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql2,
        "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name1 AS BIGINT INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10", );

    let sql3 = "CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS  name2
     AS BIGINT
     INCREMENT  1
     MINVALUE 1  MAXVALUE 20
     START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql3,
        "CREATE SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name2 AS BIGINT INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 20 START WITH 10 CACHE 2 NO CYCLE",
    );

    let sql4 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE  IF NOT EXISTS  name3
         INCREMENT  1
     NO MINVALUE  MAXVALUE 20 CACHE 2 CYCLE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql4,
        "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name3 INCREMENT 1 NO MINVALUE MAXVALUE 20 CACHE 2 CYCLE",
    );

    let sql5 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE  IF NOT EXISTS  name3
         INCREMENT  1
     NO MINVALUE  MAXVALUE 20 OWNED BY public.table01";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql5,
        "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name3 INCREMENT 1 NO MINVALUE MAXVALUE 20 OWNED BY public.table01",
    );

    let sql6 = "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE  IF NOT EXISTS  name3
         INCREMENT  1
     NO MINVALUE  MAXVALUE 20 OWNED BY NONE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql6,
        "CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE IF NOT EXISTS name3 INCREMENT 1 NO MINVALUE MAXVALUE 20 OWNED BY NONE",
    );

    let sql7 = "CREATE SEQUENCE name4
    AS BIGINT
    INCREMENT   -15
    MINVALUE - 2000  MAXVALUE -50
    START WITH -   60";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql7,
        "CREATE SEQUENCE name4 AS BIGINT INCREMENT -15 MINVALUE -2000 MAXVALUE -50 START WITH -60",
    );

    let sql8 = "CREATE SEQUENCE name5
    AS BIGINT
    INCREMENT   +10
    MINVALUE + 30  MAXVALUE +5000
    START WITH +   45";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql8,
        "CREATE SEQUENCE name5 AS BIGINT INCREMENT +10 MINVALUE +30 MAXVALUE +5000 START WITH +45",
    );

    assert!(matches!(
        pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE SEQUENCE foo INCREMENT 1 NO MINVALUE NO"),
        Err(ParserError::ParserError(_))
    ));
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_sequence() {
    // SimpleLogger::new().init().unwrap();
    let sql1 = "DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS  name0 CASCADE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql1, "DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS name0 CASCADE");
    let sql2 = "DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS  name1 RESTRICT";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql2, "DROP SEQUENCE IF EXISTS name1 RESTRICT");
    let sql3 = "DROP SEQUENCE  name2 CASCADE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql3, "DROP SEQUENCE name2 CASCADE");
    let sql4 = "DROP SEQUENCE  name2";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql4, "DROP SEQUENCE name2");
    let sql5 = "DROP SEQUENCE  name0 CASCADE";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql5, "DROP SEQUENCE name0 CASCADE");
    let sql6 = "DROP SEQUENCE  name1 RESTRICT";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql6, "DROP SEQUENCE name1 RESTRICT");
    let sql7 = "DROP SEQUENCE  name1, name2, name3";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql7, "DROP SEQUENCE name1, name2, name3");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_defaults() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE public.customer (
            customer_id integer DEFAULT nextval(public.customer_customer_id_seq),
            store_id smallint NOT NULL,
            first_name character varying(45) NOT NULL,
            last_name character varying(45) COLLATE \"es_ES\" NOT NULL,
            email character varying(50),
            address_id smallint NOT NULL,
            activebool boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
            create_date date DEFAULT now()::text NOT NULL,
            last_update timestamp without time zone DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
            active int NOT NULL
    ) WITH (fillfactor = 20, user_catalog_table = true, autovacuum_vacuum_threshold = 100)";
    match pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, "") {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            name,
            columns,
            constraints,
            table_options,
            if_not_exists: false,
            external: false,
            file_format: None,
            location: None,
            ..
        }) => {
            use pretty_assertions::assert_eq;
            assert_eq!("public.customer", name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "customer_id".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::Default(
                                pg().verified_expr("nextval(public.customer_customer_id_seq)")
                            )
                        }],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "store_id".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::SmallInt(None),
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                        }],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "first_name".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::CharacterVarying(Some(
                            CharacterLength::IntegerLength {
                                length: 45,
                                unit: None
                            }
                        )),
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                        }],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "last_name".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::CharacterVarying(Some(
                            CharacterLength::IntegerLength {
                                length: 45,
                                unit: None
                            }
                        )),
                        options: vec![
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::Collation(ObjectName::from(vec![
                                    Ident::with_quote('"', "es_ES")
                                ])),
                            },
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "email".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::CharacterVarying(Some(
                            CharacterLength::IntegerLength {
                                length: 50,
                                unit: None
                            }
                        )),
                        options: vec![],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "address_id".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::SmallInt(None),
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::NotNull
                        }],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "activebool".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Boolean,
                        options: vec![
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::Default(Expr::Value(
                                    (Value::Boolean(true)).with_empty_span()
                                )),
                            },
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "create_date".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Date,
                        options: vec![
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::Default(pg().verified_expr("now()::TEXT"))
                            },
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "last_update".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::WithoutTimeZone),
                        options: vec![
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::Default(pg().verified_expr("now()")),
                            },
                            ColumnOptionDef {
                                name: None,
                                option: ColumnOption::NotNull,
                            }
                        ],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "active".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Int(None),
                        options: vec![ColumnOptionDef {
                            name: None,
                            option: ColumnOption::NotNull
                        }],
                    },
                ]
            );
            assert!(constraints.is_empty());

            let with_options = match table_options {
                CreateTableOptions::With(options) => options,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            assert_eq!(
                with_options,
                vec![
                    SqlOption::KeyValue {
                        key: "fillfactor".into(),
                        value: Expr::value(number("20"))
                    },
                    SqlOption::KeyValue {
                        key: "user_catalog_table".into(),
                        value: Expr::Value((Value::Boolean(true)).with_empty_span())
                    },
                    SqlOption::KeyValue {
                        key: "autovacuum_vacuum_threshold".into(),
                        value: Expr::value(number("100"))
                    },
                ]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_cast_in_default_expr() {
    pg().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE t (c TEXT DEFAULT (foo())::TEXT)");
    pg().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE t (c TEXT DEFAULT (foo())::INT::TEXT)");
    pg().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE t (c TEXT DEFAULT (foo())::TEXT NOT NULL)");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_from_pg_dump() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE public.customer (
            customer_id integer DEFAULT nextval('public.customer_customer_id_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
            store_id smallint NOT NULL,
            first_name character varying(45) NOT NULL,
            last_name character varying(45) NOT NULL,
            info text[],
            address_id smallint NOT NULL,
            activebool boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
            create_date date DEFAULT now()::DATE NOT NULL,
            create_date1 date DEFAULT 'now'::TEXT::date NOT NULL,
            last_update timestamp without time zone DEFAULT now(),
            release_year public.year,
            active int
        )";
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(sql, "CREATE TABLE public.customer (\
            customer_id INTEGER DEFAULT nextval('public.customer_customer_id_seq'::REGCLASS) NOT NULL, \
            store_id SMALLINT NOT NULL, \
            first_name CHARACTER VARYING(45) NOT NULL, \
            last_name CHARACTER VARYING(45) NOT NULL, \
            info TEXT[], \
            address_id SMALLINT NOT NULL, \
            activebool BOOLEAN DEFAULT true NOT NULL, \
            create_date DATE DEFAULT now()::DATE NOT NULL, \
            create_date1 DATE DEFAULT 'now'::TEXT::DATE NOT NULL, \
            last_update TIMESTAMP WITHOUT TIME ZONE DEFAULT now(), \
            release_year public.year, \
            active INT\
        )");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_inherit() {
    let sql = "\
               CREATE TABLE bazaar.settings (\
               settings_id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4() NOT NULL, \
               user_id UUID UNIQUE, \
               value TEXT[], \
               use_metric BOOLEAN DEFAULT true\
               )";
    pg().verified_stmt(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_empty() {
    // Zero-column tables are weird, but supported by at least PostgreSQL.
    // <https://github.com/sqlparser-rs/sqlparser-rs/pull/94>
    let _ = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE t ()");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_constraints_only() {
    // Zero-column tables can also have constraints in PostgreSQL
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE t (CONSTRAINT positive CHECK (2 > 1))";
    let ast = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
    match ast {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            name,
            columns,
            constraints,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!("t", name.to_string());
            assert!(columns.is_empty());
            assert_eq!(
                only(constraints).to_string(),
                "CONSTRAINT positive CHECK (2 > 1)"
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_like_with_defaults() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE new (LIKE old INCLUDING DEFAULTS)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(stmt) => {
            assert_eq!(
                stmt.name,
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new".to_string())])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                stmt.like,
                Some(CreateTableLikeKind::Parenthesized(CreateTableLike {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("old".to_string())]),
                    defaults: Some(CreateTableLikeDefaults::Including),
                }))
            )
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE new (LIKE old EXCLUDING DEFAULTS)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(stmt) => {
            assert_eq!(
                stmt.name,
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new".to_string())])
            );
            assert_eq!(
                stmt.like,
                Some(CreateTableLikeKind::Parenthesized(CreateTableLike {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("old".to_string())]),
                    defaults: Some(CreateTableLikeDefaults::Excluding),
                }))
            )
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_constraints_rename() {
    match alter_table_op(
        pg().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab RENAME CONSTRAINT old_name TO new_name"),
    ) {
        AlterTableOperation::RenameConstraint { old_name, new_name } => {
            assert_eq!(old_name.to_string(), "old_name");
            assert_eq!(new_name.to_string(), "new_name");
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_constraints_unique_nulls_distinct() {
    match pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT b UNIQUE NULLS NOT DISTINCT (c)")
    {
        Statement::AlterTable(alter_table) => match &alter_table.operations[0] {
            AlterTableOperation::AddConstraint {
                constraint: TableConstraint::Unique(constraint),
                ..
            } => {
                let nulls_distinct = &constraint.nulls_distinct;
                assert_eq!(nulls_distinct, &NullsDistinctOption::NotDistinct)
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        },
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT b UNIQUE NULLS DISTINCT (c)");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ADD CONSTRAINT b UNIQUE (c)");
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_constraint_using_index() {
    // PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX
    // https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-altertable.html
    let sql = "ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT c PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX my_index";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::AlterTable(alter_table) => match &alter_table.operations[0] {
            AlterTableOperation::AddConstraint {
                constraint: TableConstraint::PrimaryKeyUsingIndex(c),
                ..
            } => {
                assert_eq!(c.name.as_ref().unwrap().to_string(), "c");
                assert_eq!(c.index_name.to_string(), "my_index");
                assert!(c.characteristics.is_none());
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        },
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    // UNIQUE USING INDEX
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT c UNIQUE USING INDEX my_index");

    // Without constraint name
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ADD PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX my_index");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ADD UNIQUE USING INDEX my_index");

    // With DEFERRABLE
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT c PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX my_index DEFERRABLE",
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT c UNIQUE USING INDEX my_index NOT DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE",
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "ALTER TABLE tab ADD CONSTRAINT c PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX my_index DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED",
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_disable() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab DISABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab DISABLE RULE rule_name");
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_disable_trigger() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab DISABLE TRIGGER ALL");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab DISABLE TRIGGER USER");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab DISABLE TRIGGER trigger_name");
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_enable() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE ALWAYS RULE rule_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE ALWAYS TRIGGER trigger_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER trigger_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE REPLICA RULE rule_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab NO FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE RULE rule_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE TRIGGER ALL");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE TRIGGER USER");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ENABLE TRIGGER trigger_name");
}

#[test]
fn parse_truncate_table() {
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("TRUNCATE TABLE \"users\", \"orders\" RESTART IDENTITY RESTRICT");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("TRUNCATE users, orders RESTART IDENTITY");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_extension() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH SCHEMA schema_name");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH VERSION version");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH CASCADE");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH SCHEMA schema_name VERSION version CASCADE",
    );
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH SCHEMA schema_name CASCADE");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH VERSION version CASCADE");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("CREATE EXTENSION extension_name WITH SCHEMA schema_name VERSION version");
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_extension() {
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION extension_name"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: false,
            cascade_or_restrict: None,
        })
    );
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION extension_name CASCADE"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: false,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION extension_name RESTRICT"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: false,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION extension_name, extension_name2 CASCADE"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into(), "extension_name2".into()],
            if_exists: false,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION extension_name, extension_name2 RESTRICT"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into(), "extension_name2".into()],
            if_exists: false,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS extension_name"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: true,
            cascade_or_restrict: None,
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS extension_name CASCADE"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: true,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS extension_name RESTRICT"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name".into()],
            if_exists: true,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic()
            .verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS extension_name1, extension_name2 CASCADE"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name1".into(), "extension_name2".into()],
            if_exists: true,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic()
            .verified_stmt("DROP EXTENSION IF EXISTS extension_name1, extension_name2 RESTRICT"),
        Statement::DropExtension(DropExtension {
            names: vec!["extension_name1".into(), "extension_name2".into()],
            if_exists: true,
            cascade_or_restrict: Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_collation() {
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic()
            .verified_stmt("CREATE COLLATION test3 (provider = icu, lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8')",),
        Statement::CreateCollation(CreateCollation {
            if_not_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test3")]),
            definition: CreateCollationDefinition::Options(vec![
                SqlOption::KeyValue {
                    key: Ident::new("provider"),
                    value: Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("icu")),
                },
                SqlOption::KeyValue {
                    key: Ident::new("lc_collate"),
                    value: Expr::Value(
                        Value::SingleQuotedString("en_US.utf8".to_string()).with_empty_span(),
                    ),
                },
            ]),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense"),
        Statement::CreateCollation(CreateCollation {
            if_not_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test4")]),
            definition: CreateCollationDefinition::From(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(
                "nonsense",
            )])),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic()
            .verified_stmt("CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = 'nonsense-nowhere')"),
        Statement::CreateCollation(CreateCollation {
            if_not_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("testx")]),
            definition: CreateCollationDefinition::Options(vec![
                SqlOption::KeyValue {
                    key: Ident::new("provider"),
                    value: Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("icu")),
                },
                SqlOption::KeyValue {
                    key: Ident::new("locale"),
                    value: Expr::Value(
                        Value::SingleQuotedString("nonsense-nowhere".to_string()).with_empty_span(),
                    ),
                },
            ]),
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_collation() {
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11"),
        Statement::AlterCollation(AlterCollation {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test1")]),
            operation: AlterCollationOperation::RenameTo {
                new_name: Ident::new("test11"),
            },
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role"),
        Statement::AlterCollation(AlterCollation {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test11")]),
            operation: AlterCollationOperation::OwnerTo(Owner::Ident(Ident::new(
                "regress_test_role",
            ))),
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema"),
        Statement::AlterCollation(AlterCollation {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test11")]),
            operation: AlterCollationOperation::SetSchema {
                schema_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test_schema")]),
            },
        })
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER COLLATION \"en-x-icu\" REFRESH VERSION"),
        Statement::AlterCollation(AlterCollation {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::with_quote('"', "en-x-icu")]),
            operation: AlterCollationOperation::RefreshVersion,
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_and_comment_collation_ast() {
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP COLLATION test0"),
        Statement::Drop {
            object_type: ObjectType::Collation,
            if_exists: false,
            names: vec![ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test0")])],
            cascade: false,
            restrict: false,
            purge: false,
            temporary: false,
            table: None,
        }
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0"),
        Statement::Drop {
            object_type: ObjectType::Collation,
            if_exists: true,
            names: vec![ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test0")])],
            cascade: false,
            restrict: false,
            purge: false,
            temporary: false,
            table: None,
        }
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English'"),
        Statement::Comment {
            object_type: CommentObject::Collation,
            object_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("test0")]),
            comment: Some("US English".to_string()),
            if_exists: false,
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_collation_statements_roundtrip() {
    let statements = [
        "CREATE COLLATION test3 (provider = icu, lc_collate = 'en_US.utf8')",
        "CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = 'nonsense-nowhere')",
        "CREATE COLLATION testx (provider = icu, locale = '@colStrength=primary;nonsense=yes')",
        "DROP COLLATION testx",
        "CREATE COLLATION test4 FROM nonsense",
        "CREATE COLLATION test5 FROM test0",
        "ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test11",
        "ALTER COLLATION test0 RENAME TO test11",
        "ALTER COLLATION test1 RENAME TO test22",
        "ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO regress_test_role",
        "ALTER COLLATION test11 OWNER TO nonsense",
        "ALTER COLLATION test11 SET SCHEMA test_schema",
        "COMMENT ON COLLATION test0 IS 'US English'",
        "DROP COLLATION test0, test_schema.test11, test5",
        "DROP COLLATION test0",
        "DROP COLLATION IF EXISTS test0",
        "ALTER COLLATION \"en-x-icu\" REFRESH VERSION",
    ];

    for sql in statements {
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_alter_column() {
    pg().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE tab ALTER COLUMN is_active TYPE TEXT USING 'text'");

    match alter_table_op(
        pg().verified_stmt(
            "ALTER TABLE tab ALTER COLUMN is_active SET DATA TYPE TEXT USING 'text'",
        ),
    ) {
        AlterTableOperation::AlterColumn { column_name, op } => {
            assert_eq!("is_active", column_name.to_string());
            let using_expr =
                Expr::Value(Value::SingleQuotedString("text".to_string()).with_empty_span());
            assert_eq!(
                op,
                AlterColumnOperation::SetDataType {
                    data_type: DataType::Text,
                    using: Some(using_expr),
                    had_set: true,
                }
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_alter_column_add_generated() {
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED AS IDENTITY");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 )",
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED AS IDENTITY ( )");

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements(
        "ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED ( INCREMENT 1 MINVALUE 1 )",
    );
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: AS, found: (".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements(
        "ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED AS IDENTITY ( INCREMENT )",
    );
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: a value, found: )".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res =
        pg().parse_sql_statements("ALTER TABLE t ALTER COLUMN id ADD GENERATED AS IDENTITY (");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: ), found: EOF".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_add_columns() {
    match pg().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE IF EXISTS ONLY tab ADD COLUMN a TEXT, ADD COLUMN b INT") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable {
            name,
            if_exists,
            only,
            operations,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(name.to_string(), "tab");
            assert!(if_exists);
            assert!(only);
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![
                    AlterTableOperation::AddColumn {
                        column_keyword: true,
                        if_not_exists: false,
                        column_def: ColumnDef {
                            name: "a".into(),
                            data_type: DataType::Text,
                            options: vec![],
                        },
                        column_position: None,
                    },
                    AlterTableOperation::AddColumn {
                        column_keyword: true,
                        if_not_exists: false,
                        column_def: ColumnDef {
                            name: "b".into(),
                            data_type: DataType::Int(None),
                            options: vec![],
                        },
                        column_position: None,
                    },
                ]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_owner_to() {
    struct TestCase {
        sql: &'static str,
        expected_owner: Owner,
    }

    let test_cases = vec![
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO new_owner",
            expected_owner: Owner::Ident(Ident::new("new_owner".to_string())),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO postgres",
            expected_owner: Owner::Ident(Ident::new("postgres".to_string())),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO CREATE", // treats CREATE as an identifier
            expected_owner: Owner::Ident(Ident::new("CREATE".to_string())),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO \"new_owner\"",
            expected_owner: Owner::Ident(Ident::with_quote('\"', "new_owner".to_string())),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO CURRENT_USER",
            expected_owner: Owner::CurrentUser,
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO CURRENT_ROLE",
            expected_owner: Owner::CurrentRole,
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO SESSION_USER",
            expected_owner: Owner::SessionUser,
        },
    ];

    for case in test_cases {
        match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(case.sql) {
            Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable {
                name,
                if_exists: _,
                only: _,
                operations,
                ..
            }) => {
                assert_eq!(name.to_string(), "tab");
                assert_eq!(
                    operations,
                    vec![AlterTableOperation::OwnerTo {
                        new_owner: case.expected_owner.clone()
                    }]
                );
            }
            _ => unreachable!("Expected an AlterTable statement"),
        }
    }

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO CREATE FOO");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: FOO".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("ALTER TABLE tab OWNER TO 4");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: CURRENT_USER, CURRENT_ROLE, SESSION_USER or identifier after OWNER TO. sql parser error: Expected: identifier, found: 4".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_if_not_exists() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS uk_cities ()";
    let ast = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
    match ast {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            name,
            if_not_exists: true,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!("uk_cities", name.to_string());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_bad_if_not_exists() {
    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE TABLE NOT EXISTS uk_cities ()");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: EXISTS".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE TABLE IF EXISTS uk_cities ()");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: EXISTS".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE TABLE IF uk_cities ()");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: uk_cities".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE TABLE IF NOT uk_cities ()");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: NOT".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_schema_if_not_exists() {
    let sql = "CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS schema_name";
    let ast = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
    match ast {
        Statement::CreateSchema {
            if_not_exists: true,
            schema_name,
            ..
        } => assert_eq!("schema_name", schema_name.to_string()),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_schema_if_exists() {
    let sql = "DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS schema_name";
    let ast = pg().verified_stmt(sql);
    match ast {
        Statement::Drop {
            object_type,
            if_exists: true,
            ..
        } => assert_eq!(object_type, ObjectType::Schema),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from_stdin() {
    let sql = r#"COPY public.actor (actor_id, first_name, last_name, last_update, value) FROM stdin;
1	PENELOPE	GUINESS	2006-02-15 09:34:33 0.11111
2	NICK	WAHLBERG	2006-02-15 09:34:33 0.22222
3	ED	CHASE	2006-02-15 09:34:33 0.312323
4	JENNIFER	DAVIS	2006-02-15 09:34:33 0.3232
5	JOHNNY	LOLLOBRIGIDA	2006-02-15 09:34:33 1.343
6	BETTE	NICHOLSON	2006-02-15 09:34:33 5.0
7	GRACE	MOSTEL	2006-02-15 09:34:33 6.0
8	MATTHEW	JOHANSSON	2006-02-15 09:34:33 7.0
9	JOE	SWANK	2006-02-15 09:34:33 8.0
10	CHRISTIAN	GABLE	2006-02-15 09:34:33 9.1
11	ZERO	CAGE	2006-02-15 09:34:33 10.001
12	KARL	BERRY	2017-11-02 19:15:42.308637+08 11.001
A Fateful Reflection of a Waitress And a Boat who must Discover a Sumo Wrestler in Ancient China
Kwara & Kogi
{"Deleted Scenes","Behind the Scenes"}
'awe':5 'awe-inspir':4 'barbarella':1 'cat':13 'conquer':16 'dog':18 'feminist':10 'inspir':6 'monasteri':21 'must':15 'stori':7 'streetcar':2
PHP	₱ USD $
\N  Some other value
\\."#;
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, "");
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from_stdin_without_semicolon() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY bitwise_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["bitwise_test".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::Stdin,
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![CopyLegacyOption::Null("null".into())],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from_stdin_without_semicolon_variants() {
    // This covers additional COPY ... FROM STDIN shapes without inline payload.
    // `parse_copy_from_stdin_without_semicolon` asserts the legacy NULL option details.
    let cases = [
        "COPY varbit_table FROM STDIN",
        "COPY bit_table FROM STDIN",
        "COPY copytest2 (test) FROM STDIN",
        "COPY copytest3 FROM STDIN CSV HEADER",
        "COPY copytest4 FROM STDIN (HEADER)",
        "COPY parted_copytest FROM STDIN",
        "COPY tab_progress_reporting FROM STDIN",
        "COPY oversized_column_default FROM STDIN",
        "COPY x (a, b, c, d, e) FROM STDIN",
        "COPY header_copytest (c, a) FROM STDIN",
        "COPY atest5 (two) FROM STDIN",
        "COPY main_table (a, b) FROM STDIN",
    ];

    for sql in cases {
        match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
            Statement::Copy {
                to: false,
                target: CopyTarget::Stdin,
                values,
                ..
            } => {
                assert!(
                    values.is_empty(),
                    "expected no inline COPY payload for `{sql}`"
                );
            }
            _ => panic!("expected COPY ... FROM STDIN statement for `{sql}`"),
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_copy_from() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users FROM 'data.csv'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users FROM 'data.csv' DELIMITER ','");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(',')],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users FROM 'data.csv' DELIMITER ',' CSV HEADER");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![
                CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyLegacyOption::Csv(vec![CopyLegacyCsvOption::Header,])
            ],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_copy_to() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users TO 'data.csv'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users TO 'data.csv' DELIMITER ','");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(',')],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users TO 'data.csv' DELIMITER ',' CSV HEADER");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![
                CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyLegacyOption::Csv(vec![CopyLegacyCsvOption::Header,])
            ],
            values: vec![],
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from() {
    let sql = "COPY table (a, b) FROM 'file.csv' WITH
    (
        FORMAT CSV,
        FREEZE,
        FREEZE TRUE,
        FREEZE FALSE,
        DELIMITER ',',
        NULL '',
        HEADER,
        HEADER TRUE,
        HEADER FALSE,
        QUOTE '\"',
        ESCAPE '\\',
        FORCE_QUOTE (a, b),
        FORCE_NOT_NULL (a),
        FORCE_NULL (b),
        ENCODING 'utf8'
    )";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, ""),
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["table".into()]),
                columns: vec!["a".into(), "b".into()],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "file.csv".into()
            },
            options: vec![
                CopyOption::Format("CSV".into()),
                CopyOption::Freeze(true),
                CopyOption::Freeze(true),
                CopyOption::Freeze(false),
                CopyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyOption::Null("".into()),
                CopyOption::Header(true),
                CopyOption::Header(true),
                CopyOption::Header(false),
                CopyOption::Quote('"'),
                CopyOption::Escape('\\'),
                CopyOption::ForceQuote(vec!["a".into(), "b".into()]),
                CopyOption::ForceNotNull(vec!["a".into()]),
                CopyOption::ForceNull(vec!["b".into()]),
                CopyOption::Encoding("utf8".into()),
            ],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from_error() {
    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("COPY (SELECT 42 AS a, 'hello' AS b) FROM 'query.csv'");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("COPY ... FROM does not support query as a source".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_to() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users TO 'data.csv'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY country TO STDOUT (DELIMITER '|')");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["country".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::Stdout,
            options: vec![CopyOption::Delimiter('|')],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt =
        pg().verified_stmt("COPY country TO PROGRAM 'gzip > /usr1/proj/bray/sql/country_data.gz'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["country".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::Program {
                command: "gzip > /usr1/proj/bray/sql/country_data.gz".into(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY (SELECT 42 AS a, 'hello' AS b) TO 'query.csv'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Query(Box::new(Query {
                with: None,
                body: Box::new(SetExpr::Select(Box::new(Select {
                    select_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
                    optimizer_hints: vec![],
                    distinct: None,
                    select_modifiers: None,
                    top: None,
                    top_before_distinct: false,
                    projection: vec![
                        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
                            expr: Expr::value(number("42")),
                            alias: Ident {
                                value: "a".into(),
                                quote_style: None,
                                span: Span::empty(),
                            },
                        },
                        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
                            expr: Expr::Value(
                                (Value::SingleQuotedString("hello".into())).with_empty_span()
                            ),
                            alias: Ident {
                                value: "b".into(),
                                quote_style: None,
                                span: Span::empty(),
                            },
                        }
                    ],
                    exclude: None,
                    into: None,
                    from: vec![],
                    lateral_views: vec![],
                    prewhere: None,
                    selection: None,
                    group_by: GroupByExpr::Expressions(vec![], vec![]),
                    having: None,
                    named_window: vec![],
                    window_before_qualify: false,
                    cluster_by: vec![],
                    distribute_by: vec![],
                    sort_by: vec![],
                    qualify: None,
                    value_table_mode: None,
                    connect_by: vec![],
                    flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
                }))),
                order_by: None,
                limit_clause: None,
                fetch: None,
                locks: vec![],
                for_clause: None,
                settings: None,
                format_clause: None,
                pipe_operators: vec![],
            })),
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "query.csv".into(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![],
            values: vec![],
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_from_before_v9_0() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users FROM 'data.csv' BINARY DELIMITER ',' NULL 'null' CSV HEADER QUOTE '\"' ESCAPE '\\' FORCE NOT NULL column");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![
                CopyLegacyOption::Binary,
                CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyLegacyOption::Null("null".into()),
                CopyLegacyOption::Csv(vec![
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Header,
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Quote('\"'),
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Escape('\\'),
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::ForceNotNull(vec!["column".into()]),
                ]),
            ],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );

    // test 'AS' keyword
    let sql = "COPY users FROM 'data.csv' DELIMITER AS ',' NULL AS 'null' CSV QUOTE AS '\"' ESCAPE AS '\\'";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, ""),
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: false,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![
                CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyLegacyOption::Null("null".into()),
                CopyLegacyOption::Csv(vec![
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Quote('\"'),
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Escape('\\'),
                ]),
            ],
            values: vec![],
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_copy_to_before_v9_0() {
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("COPY users TO 'data.csv' BINARY DELIMITER ',' NULL 'null' CSV HEADER QUOTE '\"' ESCAPE '\\' FORCE QUOTE column");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Copy {
            source: CopySource::Table {
                table_name: ObjectName::from(vec!["users".into()]),
                columns: vec![],
            },
            to: true,
            target: CopyTarget::File {
                filename: "data.csv".to_string(),
            },
            options: vec![],
            legacy_options: vec![
                CopyLegacyOption::Binary,
                CopyLegacyOption::Delimiter(','),
                CopyLegacyOption::Null("null".into()),
                CopyLegacyOption::Csv(vec![
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Header,
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Quote('\"'),
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::Escape('\\'),
                    CopyLegacyCsvOption::ForceQuote(vec!["column".into()]),
                ]),
            ],
            values: vec![],
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_set() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET a = b");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a")]),
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "b".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET a = 'b'");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a")]),
            values: vec![Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("b".into())).with_empty_span()
            )],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET a = 0");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a")]),
            values: vec![Expr::value(number("0"))],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET a = DEFAULT");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a")]),
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT"))],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET LOCAL a = b");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: Some(ContextModifier::Local),
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a")]),
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier("b".into())],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SET a.b.c = b");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("a"), Ident::new("b"), Ident::new("c")]),
            values: vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "b".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })],
        })
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        "SET hive.tez.auto.reducer.parallelism=false",
        "SET hive.tez.auto.reducer.parallelism = false",
    );
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SingleAssignment {
            scope: None,
            hivevar: false,
            variable: ObjectName::from(vec![
                Ident::new("hive"),
                Ident::new("tez"),
                Ident::new("auto"),
                Ident::new("reducer"),
                Ident::new("parallelism")
            ]),
            values: vec![Expr::Value((Value::Boolean(false)).with_empty_span())],
        })
    );

    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to("SET a TO b", "SET a = b");

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements("SET"),
        Err(ParserError::ParserError(
            "Expected: identifier, found: EOF".to_string()
        )),
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements("SET a b"),
        Err(ParserError::ParserError(
            "Expected: equals sign or TO, found: b".to_string()
        )),
    );

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements("SET a ="),
        Err(ParserError::ParserError(
            "Expected: variable value, found: EOF".to_string()
        )),
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_set_role() {
    let query = "SET SESSION ROLE NONE";
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(query);
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SetRole {
            context_modifier: Some(ContextModifier::Session),
            role_name: None,
        })
    );
    assert_eq!(query, stmt.to_string());

    let query = "SET LOCAL ROLE \"rolename\"";
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(query);
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SetRole {
            context_modifier: Some(ContextModifier::Local),
            role_name: Some(Ident {
                value: "rolename".to_string(),
                quote_style: Some('\"'),
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),
        })
    );
    assert_eq!(query, stmt.to_string());

    let query = "SET ROLE 'rolename'";
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(query);
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Set(Set::SetRole {
            context_modifier: None,
            role_name: Some(Ident {
                value: "rolename".to_string(),
                quote_style: Some('\''),
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),
        })
    );
    assert_eq!(query, stmt.to_string());
}

#[test]
fn parse_show() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SHOW a a");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::ShowVariable {
            variable: vec!["a".into(), "a".into()]
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("SHOW ALL ALL");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::ShowVariable {
            variable: vec!["ALL".into(), "ALL".into()]
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_deallocate() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DEALLOCATE a");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Deallocate {
            name: "a".into(),
            prepare: false,
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DEALLOCATE ALL");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Deallocate {
            name: "ALL".into(),
            prepare: false,
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DEALLOCATE PREPARE a");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Deallocate {
            name: "a".into(),
            prepare: true,
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DEALLOCATE PREPARE ALL");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Deallocate {
            name: "ALL".into(),
            prepare: true,
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_execute() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("EXECUTE a");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Execute {
            name: Some(ObjectName::from(vec!["a".into()])),
            parameters: vec![],
            has_parentheses: false,
            using: vec![],
            immediate: false,
            into: vec![],
            output: false,
            default: false,
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("EXECUTE a(1, 't')");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Execute {
            name: Some(ObjectName::from(vec!["a".into()])),
            parameters: vec![
                Expr::value(number("1")),
                Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("t".to_string())).with_empty_span())
            ],
            has_parentheses: true,
            using: vec![],
            immediate: false,
            into: vec![],
            output: false,
            default: false,
        }
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("EXECUTE a USING CAST(1337 AS SMALLINT), CAST(7331 AS SMALLINT)");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Statement::Execute {
            name: Some(ObjectName::from(vec!["a".into()])),
            parameters: vec![],
            has_parentheses: false,
            using: vec![
                ExprWithAlias {
                    expr: Expr::Cast {
                        kind: CastKind::Cast,
                        expr: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Number("1337".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                        )),
                        data_type: DataType::SmallInt(None),
                        array: false,
                        format: None
                    },
                    alias: None
                },
                ExprWithAlias {
                    expr: Expr::Cast {
                        kind: CastKind::Cast,
                        expr: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Number("7331".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                        )),
                        data_type: DataType::SmallInt(None),
                        array: false,
                        format: None
                    },
                    alias: None
                },
            ],
            immediate: false,
            into: vec![],
            output: false,
            default: false,
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_prepare() {
    let stmt =
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("PREPARE a AS INSERT INTO customers VALUES (a1, a2, a3)");
    let sub_stmt = match stmt {
        Statement::Prepare {
            name,
            data_types,
            statement,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!(name, "a".into());
            assert!(data_types.is_empty());

            statement
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
    match sub_stmt.as_ref() {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            table: table_name,
            columns,
            source: Some(source),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(table_name.to_string(), "customers");
            assert!(columns.is_empty());

            let expected_values = [Parens::with_empty_span(vec![
                Expr::Identifier("a1".into()),
                Expr::Identifier("a2".into()),
                Expr::Identifier("a3".into()),
            ])];
            match &*source.body {
                SetExpr::Values(Values { rows, .. }) => {
                    assert_eq!(rows.as_slice(), &expected_values)
                }
                _ => unreachable!(),
            }
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("PREPARE a (INT, TEXT) AS SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customers.id = a1");
    let sub_stmt = match stmt {
        Statement::Prepare {
            name,
            data_types,
            statement,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!(name, "a".into());
            assert_eq!(data_types, vec![DataType::Int(None), DataType::Text]);

            statement
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
    assert_eq!(
        sub_stmt,
        Box::new(Statement::Query(Box::new(pg_and_generic().verified_query(
            "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customers.id = a1"
        ))))
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_on_conflict() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) \
        VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal'), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc') \
        ON CONFLICT(did) \
        DO UPDATE SET dname = EXCLUDED.dname",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            on:
                Some(OnInsert::OnConflict(OnConflict {
                    conflict_target: Some(ConflictTarget::Columns(cols)),
                    action,
                })),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(vec![Ident::from("did")], cols);
            assert_eq!(
                OnConflictAction::DoUpdate(DoUpdate {
                    assignments: vec![Assignment {
                        target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName::from(
                            vec!["dname".into()]
                        )),
                        value: Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec!["EXCLUDED".into(), "dname".into()])
                    },],
                    selection: None
                }),
                action
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname, area) \
        VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal', 'Mars'), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc', 'Venus') \
        ON CONFLICT(did, area) \
        DO UPDATE SET dname = EXCLUDED.dname, area = EXCLUDED.area",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            on:
                Some(OnInsert::OnConflict(OnConflict {
                    conflict_target: Some(ConflictTarget::Columns(cols)),
                    action,
                })),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(vec![Ident::from("did"), Ident::from("area"),], cols);
            assert_eq!(
                OnConflictAction::DoUpdate(DoUpdate {
                    assignments: vec![
                        Assignment {
                            target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName::from(vec![
                                "dname".into()
                            ])),
                            value: Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                                "EXCLUDED".into(),
                                "dname".into()
                            ])
                        },
                        Assignment {
                            target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName::from(vec![
                                "area".into()
                            ])),
                            value: Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec!["EXCLUDED".into(), "area".into()])
                        },
                    ],
                    selection: None
                }),
                action
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) \
    VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal'), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc') \
    ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            on:
                Some(OnInsert::OnConflict(OnConflict {
                    conflict_target: None,
                    action,
                })),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(OnConflictAction::DoNothing, action);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname, dsize) \
        VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal', 1000), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc', 1010) \
        ON CONFLICT(did) \
        DO UPDATE SET dname = $1 WHERE dsize > $2",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            on:
                Some(OnInsert::OnConflict(OnConflict {
                    conflict_target: Some(ConflictTarget::Columns(cols)),
                    action,
                })),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(vec![Ident::from("did")], cols);
            assert_eq!(
                OnConflictAction::DoUpdate(DoUpdate {
                    assignments: vec![Assignment {
                        target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName::from(
                            vec!["dname".into()]
                        )),
                        value: Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Placeholder("$1".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                        )
                    },],
                    selection: Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                            value: "dsize".to_string(),
                            quote_style: None,
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        })),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Placeholder("$2".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                        ))
                    })
                }),
                action
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname, dsize) \
        VALUES (5, 'Gizmo Transglobal', 1000), (6, 'Associated Computing, Inc', 1010) \
        ON CONFLICT ON CONSTRAINT distributors_did_pkey \
        DO UPDATE SET dname = $1 WHERE dsize > $2",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            on:
                Some(OnInsert::OnConflict(OnConflict {
                    conflict_target: Some(ConflictTarget::OnConstraint(cname)),
                    action,
                })),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::from("distributors_did_pkey")]),
                cname
            );
            assert_eq!(
                OnConflictAction::DoUpdate(DoUpdate {
                    assignments: vec![Assignment {
                        target: AssignmentTarget::ColumnName(ObjectName::from(
                            vec!["dname".into()]
                        )),
                        value: Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Placeholder("$1".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                        )
                    },],
                    selection: Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                            value: "dsize".to_string(),
                            quote_style: None,
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        })),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Placeholder("$2".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                        ))
                    })
                }),
                action
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_returning() {
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "INSERT INTO distributors (did, dname) VALUES (DEFAULT, 'XYZ Widgets') RETURNING did",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Insert(Insert { returning, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                Some(vec![SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::Identifier(
                    "did".into()
                )),]),
                returning
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "UPDATE weather SET temp_lo = temp_lo + 1, temp_hi = temp_lo + 15, prcp = DEFAULT \
             WHERE city = 'San Francisco' AND date = '2003-07-03' \
             RETURNING temp_lo AS lo, temp_hi AS hi, prcp",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Update(Update { returning, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                Some(vec![
                    SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
                        expr: Expr::Identifier("temp_lo".into()),
                        alias: "lo".into()
                    },
                    SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
                        expr: Expr::Identifier("temp_hi".into()),
                        alias: "hi".into()
                    },
                    SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::Identifier("prcp".into())),
                ]),
                returning
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
    let stmt =
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DELETE FROM tasks WHERE status = 'DONE' RETURNING *");
    match stmt {
        Statement::Delete(Delete { returning, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                Some(vec![SelectItem::Wildcard(
                    WildcardAdditionalOptions::default()
                ),]),
                returning
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };
}

fn test_operator(operator: &str, dialect: &TestedDialects, expected: BinaryOperator) {
    let operator_tokens =
        sqlparser::tokenizer::Tokenizer::new(&PostgreSqlDialect {}, &format!("a{operator}b"))
            .tokenize()
            .unwrap();
    assert_eq!(
        operator_tokens.len(),
        3,
        "binary op should be 3 tokens, not {operator_tokens:?}"
    );
    let expected_expr = Expr::BinaryOp {
        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))),
        op: expected,
        right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("b"))),
    };
    let str_expr_canonical = format!("a {operator} b");
    assert_eq!(expected_expr, dialect.verified_expr(&str_expr_canonical));
    assert_eq!(
        expected_expr,
        dialect.expr_parses_to(&format!("a{operator}b"), &str_expr_canonical)
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_binary_ops() {
    let binary_ops = &[
        // Sharp char and Caret cannot be used with Generic Dialect, it conflicts with identifiers
        ("#", BinaryOperator::PGBitwiseXor, pg()),
        ("^", BinaryOperator::PGExp, pg()),
        (">>", BinaryOperator::PGBitwiseShiftRight, pg_and_generic()),
        ("<<", BinaryOperator::PGBitwiseShiftLeft, pg_and_generic()),
        ("&&", BinaryOperator::PGOverlap, pg()),
        ("^@", BinaryOperator::PGStartsWith, pg()),
    ];

    for (str_op, op, dialects) in binary_ops {
        test_operator(str_op, dialects, op.clone());
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_custom_binary_ops() {
    // Postgres supports declaring custom binary operators, using any character in the following set:
    //  + - * / < > = ~ ! @ # % ^ & | ` ?

    // Here, we test the ones used by common extensions
    let operators = [
        // PostGIS
        "&&&",   // n-D bounding boxes intersect
        "|=|",   //  distance between A and B trajectories at their closest point of approach
        "<<#>>", // n-D distance between A and B bounding boxes
        // PGroonga
        "&@",   // Full text search by a keyword
        "&@~",  // Full text search by easy to use query language
        "&@*",  // Similar search
        "&`",   // Advanced search by ECMAScript like query language
        "&@|",  // Full text search by an array of keywords
        "&@~|", //  Full text search by an array of queries in easy to use query language
        // pgtrgm
        "<<%", // second argument has a continuous extent of an ordered trigram set that matches word boundaries
        "%>>", // commutator of <<%
        "<<<->", // distance between arguments
        // hstore
        "#=", // Replace fields with matching values from hstore
        // ranges
        "-|-", // Is adjacent to
        // pg_similarity
        "~++", // L1 distance
        "~##", // Cosine Distance
        "~-~", // Dice Coefficient
        "~!!", // Euclidean Distance
        "~@~", // Hamming Distance
        "~??", // Jaccard Coefficient
        "~%%", // Jaro Distance
        "~@@", // Jaro-Winkler Distance
        "~==", // Levenshtein Distance
        "~^^", // Matching Coefficient
        "~||", // Monge-Elkan Coefficient
        "~#~", // Needleman-Wunsch Coefficient
        "~**", // Overlap Coefficient
        "~~~", // Q-Gram Distance
        "~=~", // Smith-Waterman Coefficient
        "~!~", // Smith-Waterman-Gotoh Coefficient
        "~*~", // Soundex Distance
        // soundex_operator
        ">@@<", // Soundex matches
        "<@@>", // Soundex doesn't match
    ];
    for op in &operators {
        test_operator(op, &pg(), BinaryOperator::Custom(op.to_string()));
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_ampersand_arobase() {
    // In SQL Server, a&@b means (a) & (@b), in PostgreSQL it means (a) &@ (b)
    pg().expr_parses_to("a&@b", "a &@ b");
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_unary_ops() {
    let pg_unary_ops = &[
        ("|/", UnaryOperator::PGSquareRoot),
        ("||/", UnaryOperator::PGCubeRoot),
        ("!!", UnaryOperator::PGPrefixFactorial),
        ("@", UnaryOperator::PGAbs),
    ];
    for (str_op, op) in pg_unary_ops {
        let select = pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT {}a", &str_op));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::UnaryOp {
                op: *op,
                expr: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))),
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_postfix_factorial() {
    let postfix_factorial = &[("!", UnaryOperator::PGPostfixFactorial)];

    for (str_op, op) in postfix_factorial {
        let select = pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT a{}", &str_op));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::UnaryOp {
                op: *op,
                expr: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))),
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_regex_match_ops() {
    let pg_regex_match_ops = &[
        ("~", BinaryOperator::PGRegexMatch),
        ("~*", BinaryOperator::PGRegexIMatch),
        ("!~", BinaryOperator::PGRegexNotMatch),
        ("!~*", BinaryOperator::PGRegexNotIMatch),
    ];

    // Match against a single value
    for (str_op, op) in pg_regex_match_ops {
        let select = pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT 'abc' {str_op} '^a'"));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("abc").with_empty_span(),)),
                op: op.clone(),
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("^a").with_empty_span(),)),
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        );
    }

    // Match against any value from an array
    for (str_op, op) in pg_regex_match_ops {
        let select =
            pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT 'abc' {str_op} ANY(ARRAY['^a', 'x'])"));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::AnyOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("abc").with_empty_span(),)),
                compare_op: op.clone(),
                right: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                    elem: vec![
                        Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("^a").with_empty_span()),
                        Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("x").with_empty_span()),
                    ],
                    named: true,
                })),
                is_some: false,
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        )
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_like_match_ops() {
    let pg_like_match_ops = &[
        ("~~", BinaryOperator::PGLikeMatch),
        ("~~*", BinaryOperator::PGILikeMatch),
        ("!~~", BinaryOperator::PGNotLikeMatch),
        ("!~~*", BinaryOperator::PGNotILikeMatch),
    ];

    // Match against a single value
    for (str_op, op) in pg_like_match_ops {
        let select = pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT 'abc' {str_op} 'a_c%'"));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("abc").with_empty_span(),)),
                op: op.clone(),
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("a_c%").with_empty_span(),)),
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        );
    }

    // Match against all values from an array
    for (str_op, op) in pg_like_match_ops {
        let select =
            pg().verified_only_select(&format!("SELECT 'abc' {str_op} ALL(ARRAY['a_c%'])"));
        assert_eq!(
            SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::AllOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("abc").with_empty_span(),)),
                compare_op: op.clone(),
                right: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                    elem: vec![Expr::Value(single_quoted_string("a_c%").with_empty_span())],
                    named: true,
                })),
            }),
            select.projection[0]
        )
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_index_expr() {
    let num: Vec<Expr> = (0..=10)
        .map(|s| Expr::Value(number(&s.to_string()).with_empty_span()))
        .collect();

    let sql = "SELECT foo[0] FROM foos";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("foo"))),
            access_chain: vec![AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                index: num[0].clone()
            })],
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT foo[0][0] FROM foos";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("foo"))),
            access_chain: vec![
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: num[0].clone()
                }),
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: num[0].clone()
                })
            ],
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT bar[0]["baz"]["fooz"] FROM foos"#;
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("bar"))),
            access_chain: vec![
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: num[0].clone()
                }),
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                        value: "baz".to_string(),
                        quote_style: Some('"'),
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    })
                }),
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                        value: "fooz".to_string(),
                        quote_style: Some('"'),
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    })
                }),
            ],
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT (CAST(ARRAY[ARRAY[2, 3]] AS INT[][]))[1][2]";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(Expr::Nested(Box::new(Expr::Cast {
                kind: CastKind::Cast,
                expr: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                    elem: vec![Expr::Array(Array {
                        elem: vec![num[2].clone(), num[3].clone(),],
                        named: true,
                    })],
                    named: true,
                })),
                data_type: DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::SquareBracket(
                    Box::new(DataType::Array(ArrayElemTypeDef::SquareBracket(
                        Box::new(DataType::Int(None)),
                        None
                    ))),
                    None
                )),
                array: false,
                format: None,
            }))),
            access_chain: vec![
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: num[1].clone()
                }),
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: num[2].clone()
                }),
            ],
        },
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT ARRAY[]";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Array(sqlparser::ast::Array {
            elem: vec![],
            named: true
        }),
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_subscript() {
    let tests = [
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[2]",
            Subscript::Index {
                index: Expr::value(number("2")),
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[foo]",
            Subscript::Index {
                index: Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("foo")),
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[2:5]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("2"))),
                upper_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("5"))),
                stride: None,
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[2:5:3]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("2"))),
                upper_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("5"))),
                stride: Some(Expr::value(number("3"))),
            },
        ),
        (
            "arr[array_length(arr) - 3:array_length(arr) - 1]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
                    left: Box::new(call("array_length", [Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("arr"))])),
                    op: BinaryOperator::Minus,
                    right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("3"))),
                }),
                upper_bound: Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
                    left: Box::new(call("array_length", [Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("arr"))])),
                    op: BinaryOperator::Minus,
                    right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("1"))),
                }),
                stride: None,
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[:5]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: None,
                upper_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("5"))),
                stride: None,
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[2:]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("2"))),
                upper_bound: None,
                stride: None,
            },
        ),
        (
            "(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])[:]",
            Subscript::Slice {
                lower_bound: None,
                upper_bound: None,
                stride: None,
            },
        ),
    ];
    for (sql, expect) in tests {
        let Expr::CompoundFieldAccess { access_chain, .. } = pg_and_generic().verified_expr(sql)
        else {
            panic!("expected subscript expr");
        };
        let Some(AccessExpr::Subscript(subscript)) = access_chain.last() else {
            panic!("expected subscript");
        };
        assert_eq!(expect, *subscript);
    }

    pg_and_generic().verified_expr("schedule[:2][2:]");
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_multi_subscript() {
    let expr = pg_and_generic().verified_expr("make_array(1, 2, 3)[1:2][2]");
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(call(
                "make_array",
                vec![
                    Expr::value(number("1")),
                    Expr::value(number("2")),
                    Expr::value(number("3"))
                ]
            )),
            access_chain: vec![
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Slice {
                    lower_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("1"))),
                    upper_bound: Some(Expr::value(number("2"))),
                    stride: None,
                }),
                AccessExpr::Subscript(Subscript::Index {
                    index: Expr::value(number("2")),
                }),
            ],
        },
        expr,
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            include,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_anonymous_index() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX ON my_table(col1, col2)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name,
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(None, name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(!if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
/// Test to verify the correctness of parsing the `CREATE INDEX` statement with optional operator classes.
///
/// # Implementative details
///
/// At this time, since the parser library is not intended to take care of the semantics of the SQL statements,
/// there is no way to verify the correctness of the operator classes, nor whether they are valid for the given
/// index type. This test is only intended to verify that the parser can correctly parse the statement. For this
/// reason, the test includes a `totally_not_valid` operator class.
fn parse_create_indices_with_operator_classes() {
    let indices = [
        IndexType::GIN,
        IndexType::GiST,
        IndexType::SPGiST,
        IndexType::Custom("CustomIndexType".into()),
    ];
    let operator_classes: [Option<ObjectName>; 4] = [
        None,
        Some(ObjectName(vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new(
            "gin_trgm_ops",
        ))])),
        Some(ObjectName(vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new(
            "gist_trgm_ops",
        ))])),
        Some(ObjectName(vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new(
            "totally_not_valid",
        ))])),
    ];

    for expected_index_type in indices {
        for expected_operator_class in &operator_classes {
            let single_column_sql_statement = format!(
                "CREATE INDEX the_index_name ON users USING {expected_index_type} (concat_users_name(first_name, last_name){})",
                expected_operator_class.as_ref().map(|oc| format!(" {oc}"))
                    .unwrap_or_default()
            );
            let multi_column_sql_statement = format!(
                "CREATE INDEX the_index_name ON users USING {expected_index_type} (column_name, concat_users_name(first_name, last_name){})",
                expected_operator_class.as_ref().map(|oc| format!(" {oc}"))
                    .unwrap_or_default()
            );

            let expected_function_column = IndexColumn {
                column: OrderByExpr {
                    expr: Expr::Function(Function {
                        name: ObjectName(vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident {
                            value: "concat_users_name".to_owned(),
                            quote_style: None,
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        })]),
                        uses_odbc_syntax: false,
                        parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
                        args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList {
                            duplicate_treatment: None,
                            args: vec![
                                FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(Expr::Identifier(
                                    Ident {
                                        value: "first_name".to_owned(),
                                        quote_style: None,
                                        span: Span::empty(),
                                    },
                                ))),
                                FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(Expr::Identifier(
                                    Ident {
                                        value: "last_name".to_owned(),
                                        quote_style: None,
                                        span: Span::empty(),
                                    },
                                ))),
                            ],
                            clauses: vec![],
                        }),
                        filter: None,
                        null_treatment: None,
                        over: None,
                        within_group: vec![],
                    }),
                    options: OrderByOptions {
                        asc: None,
                        nulls_first: None,
                    },
                    with_fill: None,
                },
                operator_class: expected_operator_class.clone(),
            };

            match pg().verified_stmt(&single_column_sql_statement) {
                Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
                    name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
                    table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
                    using: Some(using),
                    columns,
                    unique: false,
                    concurrently: false,
                    if_not_exists: false,
                    include,
                    nulls_distinct: None,
                    with,
                    predicate: None,
                    index_options,
                    alter_options,
                }) => {
                    assert_eq_vec(&["the_index_name"], &name);
                    assert_eq_vec(&["users"], &table_name);
                    assert_eq!(expected_index_type, using);
                    assert_eq!(expected_function_column, columns[0],);
                    assert!(include.is_empty());
                    assert!(with.is_empty());
                    assert!(index_options.is_empty());
                    assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
                }
                _ => unreachable!(),
            }

            match pg().verified_stmt(&multi_column_sql_statement) {
                Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
                    name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
                    table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
                    using: Some(using),
                    columns,
                    unique: false,
                    concurrently: false,
                    if_not_exists: false,
                    include,
                    nulls_distinct: None,
                    with,
                    predicate: None,
                    index_options,
                    alter_options,
                }) => {
                    assert_eq_vec(&["the_index_name"], &name);
                    assert_eq_vec(&["users"], &table_name);
                    assert_eq!(expected_index_type, using);
                    assert_eq!(
                        IndexColumn {
                            column: OrderByExpr {
                                expr: Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                                    value: "column_name".to_owned(),
                                    quote_style: None,
                                    span: Span::empty()
                                }),
                                options: OrderByOptions {
                                    asc: None,
                                    nulls_first: None,
                                },
                                with_fill: None,
                            },
                            operator_class: None
                        },
                        columns[0],
                    );
                    assert_eq!(expected_function_column, columns[1],);
                    assert!(include.is_empty());
                    assert!(with.is_empty());
                    assert!(index_options.is_empty());
                    assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
                }
                _ => unreachable!(),
            }
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index_with_schema_qualified_operator_class() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX my_index ON my_table USING HNSW (embedding public.vector_cosine_ops)";

    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex { columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(1, columns.len());
            let idx_col = &columns[0];

            // Verify the column name
            match &idx_col.column.expr {
                Expr::Identifier(ident) => {
                    assert_eq!("embedding", ident.value);
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected identifier expression"),
            }

            // Verify the schema-qualified operator class
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName(vec![
                    ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("public")),
                    ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("vector_cosine_ops")),
                ])),
                idx_col.operator_class
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_bloom() {
    let sql =
        "CREATE INDEX bloomidx ON tbloom USING BLOOM (i1, i2, i3) WITH (length = 80, col1 = 2, col2 = 2, col3 = 4)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using: Some(using),
            columns,
            unique: false,
            concurrently: false,
            if_not_exists: false,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["bloomidx"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["tbloom"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(IndexType::Bloom, using);
            assert_eq_vec(&["i1", "i2", "i3"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("length"))),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(number("80").into())),
                    },
                    Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("col1"))),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(number("2").into())),
                    },
                    Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("col2"))),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(number("2").into())),
                    },
                    Expr::BinaryOp {
                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("col3"))),
                        op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                        right: Box::new(Expr::Value(number("4").into())),
                    },
                ],
                with
            );
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_brin() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX brin_sensor_data_recorded_at ON sensor_data USING BRIN (recorded_at)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using: Some(using),
            columns,
            unique: false,
            concurrently: false,
            if_not_exists: false,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["brin_sensor_data_recorded_at"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["sensor_data"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(IndexType::BRIN, using);
            assert_eq_vec(&["recorded_at"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_inherits() {
    let single_inheritance_sql =
        "CREATE TABLE child_table (child_column INT) INHERITS (public.parent_table)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(single_inheritance_sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            inherits: Some(inherits),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["public", "parent_table"], &inherits[0].0);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    let double_inheritance_sql = "CREATE TABLE child_table (child_column INT) INHERITS (public.parent_table, pg_catalog.pg_settings)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(double_inheritance_sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            inherits: Some(inherits),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["public", "parent_table"], &inherits[0].0);
            assert_eq_vec(&["pg_catalog", "pg_settings"], &inherits[1].0);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_empty_inherits_fails() {
    assert!(matches!(
        pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE TABLE child_table (child_column INT) INHERITS ()"),
        Err(ParserError::ParserError(_))
    ));
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index_concurrently() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index_with_predicate() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2) WHERE col3 IS NULL";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: Some(_),
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index_with_include() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2) INCLUDE (col3, col4)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: None,
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col3", "col4"], &include);
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_index_with_nulls_distinct() {
    let sql = "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2) NULLS NOT DISTINCT";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: Some(nulls_distinct),
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(!nulls_distinct);
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS my_index ON my_table(col1, col2) NULLS DISTINCT";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateIndex(CreateIndex {
            name: Some(ObjectName(name)),
            table_name: ObjectName(table_name),
            using,
            columns,
            unique,
            concurrently,
            if_not_exists,
            include,
            nulls_distinct: Some(nulls_distinct),
            with,
            predicate: None,
            index_options,
            alter_options,
        }) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_index"], &name);
            assert_eq_vec(&["my_table"], &table_name);
            assert_eq!(None, using);
            assert!(!unique);
            assert!(!concurrently);
            assert!(if_not_exists);
            assert_eq_vec(&["col1", "col2"], &columns);
            assert!(include.is_empty());
            assert!(nulls_distinct);
            assert!(with.is_empty());
            assert!(index_options.is_empty());
            assert!(alter_options.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_subquery_expr() {
    let sql = "SELECT ARRAY(SELECT 1 UNION SELECT 2)";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("ARRAY")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::Subquery(Box::new(Query {
                with: None,
                body: Box::new(SetExpr::SetOperation {
                    op: SetOperator::Union,
                    set_quantifier: SetQuantifier::None,
                    left: Box::new(SetExpr::Select(Box::new(Select {
                        select_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
                        optimizer_hints: vec![],
                        distinct: None,
                        select_modifiers: None,
                        top: None,
                        top_before_distinct: false,
                        projection: vec![SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::Value(
                            (number("1")).with_empty_span()
                        ))],
                        exclude: None,
                        into: None,
                        from: vec![],
                        lateral_views: vec![],
                        prewhere: None,
                        selection: None,
                        group_by: GroupByExpr::Expressions(vec![], vec![]),
                        cluster_by: vec![],
                        distribute_by: vec![],
                        sort_by: vec![],
                        having: None,
                        named_window: vec![],
                        qualify: None,
                        window_before_qualify: false,
                        value_table_mode: None,
                        connect_by: vec![],
                        flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
                    }))),
                    right: Box::new(SetExpr::Select(Box::new(Select {
                        select_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
                        optimizer_hints: vec![],
                        distinct: None,
                        select_modifiers: None,
                        top: None,
                        top_before_distinct: false,
                        projection: vec![SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::Value(
                            (number("2")).with_empty_span()
                        ))],
                        exclude: None,
                        into: None,
                        from: vec![],
                        lateral_views: vec![],
                        prewhere: None,
                        selection: None,
                        group_by: GroupByExpr::Expressions(vec![], vec![]),
                        cluster_by: vec![],
                        distribute_by: vec![],
                        sort_by: vec![],
                        having: None,
                        named_window: vec![],
                        qualify: None,
                        window_before_qualify: false,
                        value_table_mode: None,
                        connect_by: vec![],
                        flavor: SelectFlavor::Standard,
                    }))),
                }),
                order_by: None,
                limit_clause: None,
                fetch: None,
                locks: vec![],
                for_clause: None,
                settings: None,
                format_clause: None,
                pipe_operators: vec![],
            })),
            filter: None,
            null_treatment: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![]
        }),
        expr_from_projection(only(&select.projection)),
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_transaction_statement() {
    let statement = pg().verified_stmt("SET TRANSACTION SNAPSHOT '000003A1-1'");
    assert_eq!(
        statement,
        Statement::Set(Set::SetTransaction {
            modes: vec![],
            snapshot: Some(Value::SingleQuotedString(String::from("000003A1-1")).with_empty_span()),
            session: false
        })
    );
    let statement = pg().verified_stmt("SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY, READ WRITE, ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE");
    assert_eq!(
        statement,
        Statement::Set(Set::SetTransaction {
            modes: vec![
                TransactionMode::AccessMode(TransactionAccessMode::ReadOnly),
                TransactionMode::AccessMode(TransactionAccessMode::ReadWrite),
                TransactionMode::IsolationLevel(TransactionIsolationLevel::Serializable),
            ],
            snapshot: None,
            session: true
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_json() {
    let sql = "SELECT params ->> 'name' FROM events";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("params"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::LongArrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("name".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT params -> 'name' FROM events";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("params"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("name".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info -> 'items' ->> 'product' FROM orders";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("items".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                ))
            }),
            op: BinaryOperator::LongArrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("product".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    // the RHS can be a number (array element access)
    let sql = "SELECT obj -> 42";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("obj"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("42"))),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    // the RHS can be an identifier
    let sql = "SELECT obj -> key";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("obj"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("key"))),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    // -> operator has lower precedence than arithmetic ops
    let sql = "SELECT obj -> 3 * 2";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("obj"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::value(number("3"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Multiply,
                right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("2"))),
            }),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info #> '{a,b,c}' FROM orders";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::HashArrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("{a,b,c}".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info #>> '{a,b,c}' FROM orders";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::HashLongArrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("{a,b,c}".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }),
        select.projection[0]
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info @> '{\"a\": 1}'";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::AtArrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("{\"a\": 1}".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info FROM orders WHERE '{\"a\": 1}' <@ info";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("{\"a\": 1}".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
            op: BinaryOperator::ArrowAt,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info #- ARRAY['a', 'b'] FROM orders";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::from("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::HashMinus,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                elem: vec![
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("a".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("b".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
                ],
                named: true,
            })),
        }),
        select.projection[0],
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info @? '$.a'";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::from("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::AtQuestion,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("$.a".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            ),),
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = "SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info @@ '$.a'";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::from("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::AtAt,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("$.a".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            ),),
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info ? 'b'"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::Question,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("b".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info ?& ARRAY['b', 'c']"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::QuestionAnd,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                elem: vec![
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("b".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("c".to_string())).with_empty_span())
                ],
                named: true
            }))
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );

    let sql = r#"SELECT info FROM orders WHERE info ?| ARRAY['b', 'c']"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("info"))),
            op: BinaryOperator::QuestionPipe,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Array(Array {
                elem: vec![
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("b".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
                    Expr::Value((Value::SingleQuotedString("c".to_string())).with_empty_span())
                ],
                named: true
            }))
        },
        select.selection.unwrap(),
    );
}

#[test]
fn json_object_colon_syntax() {
    match pg().verified_expr("JSON_OBJECT('name' : 'value')") {
        Expr::Function(Function {
            args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList { args, .. }),
            ..
        }) => {
            assert!(
                matches!(
                    &args[..],
                    &[FunctionArg::ExprNamed {
                        operator: FunctionArgOperator::Colon,
                        ..
                    }]
                ),
                "Invalid function argument: {args:?}"
            );
        }
        other => panic!(
            "Expected: JSON_OBJECT('name' : 'value') to be parsed as a function, but got {other:?}"
        ),
    }
}

#[test]
fn json_object_value_syntax() {
    match pg().verified_expr("JSON_OBJECT('name' VALUE 'value')") {
        Expr::Function(Function { args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList { args, .. }), .. }) => {
            assert!(matches!(
                &args[..],
                &[FunctionArg::ExprNamed { operator: FunctionArgOperator::Value, .. }]
            ), "Invalid function argument: {args:?}");
        }
        other => panic!("Expected: JSON_OBJECT('name' VALUE 'value') to be parsed as a function, but got {other:?}"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_json_object() {
    let sql = "JSON_OBJECT('name' VALUE 'value' NULL ON NULL)";
    let expr = pg().verified_expr(sql);
    assert!(
        matches!(
            expr.clone(),
            Expr::Function(Function {
                name: ObjectName(parts),
                args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList { args, clauses, .. }),
                ..
            }) if parts == vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("JSON_OBJECT"))]
                && matches!(
                    &args[..],
                    &[FunctionArg::ExprNamed { operator: FunctionArgOperator::Value, .. }]
                )
                && clauses == vec![FunctionArgumentClause::JsonNullClause(JsonNullClause::NullOnNull)]
        ),
        "Failed to parse JSON_OBJECT with expected structure, got: {expr:?}"
    );

    let sql = "JSON_OBJECT('name' VALUE 'value' RETURNING JSONB)";
    let expr = pg().verified_expr(sql);
    assert!(
        matches!(
            expr.clone(),
            Expr::Function(Function {
                name: ObjectName(parts),
                args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList { args, clauses, .. }),
                ..
            }) if parts == vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("JSON_OBJECT"))]
                && matches!(
                    &args[..],
                    &[FunctionArg::ExprNamed { operator: FunctionArgOperator::Value, .. }]
                )
                && clauses == vec![FunctionArgumentClause::JsonReturningClause(JsonReturningClause { data_type: DataType::JSONB })]
        ),
        "Failed to parse JSON_OBJECT with expected structure, got: {expr:?}"
    );

    let sql = "JSON_OBJECT(RETURNING JSONB)";
    let expr = pg().verified_expr(sql);
    assert!(
        matches!(
            expr.clone(),
            Expr::Function(Function {
                name: ObjectName(parts),
                args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList { args, clauses, .. }),
                ..
            }) if parts == vec![ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("JSON_OBJECT"))]
                && args.is_empty()
                && clauses == vec![FunctionArgumentClause::JsonReturningClause(JsonReturningClause { data_type: DataType::JSONB })]
        ),
        "Failed to parse JSON_OBJECT with expected structure, got: {expr:?}"
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_json_table_is_not_reserved() {
    // JSON_TABLE is not a reserved keyword in PostgreSQL, even though it is in SQL:2023
    // see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_SQL_reserved_words
    let Select { from, .. } = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM JSON_TABLE");
    assert_eq!(1, from.len());
    match &from[0].relation {
        TableFactor::Table {
            name: ObjectName(name),
            ..
        } => assert_eq!(
            ObjectNamePart::Identifier(Ident::new("JSON_TABLE")),
            name[0]
        ),
        other => panic!("Expected: JSON_TABLE to be parsed as a table name, but got {other:?}"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_composite_value() {
    let sql = "SELECT (on_hand.item).name FROM on_hand WHERE (on_hand.item).price > 9";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);

    let Expr::CompoundFieldAccess { root, access_chain } =
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    else {
        unreachable!("expected projection: got {:?}", &select.projection[0]);
    };
    assert_eq!(
        root.as_ref(),
        &Expr::Nested(Box::new(Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
            Ident::new("on_hand"),
            Ident::new("item")
        ])))
    );
    assert_eq!(
        access_chain.as_slice(),
        &[AccessExpr::Dot(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("name")))]
    );

    assert_eq!(
        select.selection.as_ref().unwrap(),
        &Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
                root: Expr::Nested(Box::new(Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                    Ident::new("on_hand"),
                    Ident::new("item")
                ])))
                .into(),
                access_chain: vec![AccessExpr::Dot(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("price")))]
            }),
            op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
            right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("9")))
        }
    );

    let sql = "SELECT (information_schema._pg_expandarray(ARRAY['i', 'i'])).n";
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundFieldAccess {
            root: Box::new(Expr::Nested(Box::new(Expr::Function(Function {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![
                    Ident::new("information_schema"),
                    Ident::new("_pg_expandarray")
                ]),
                uses_odbc_syntax: false,
                parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
                args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList {
                    duplicate_treatment: None,
                    args: vec![FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(Expr::Array(
                        Array {
                            elem: vec![
                                Expr::Value(
                                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("i".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                                ),
                                Expr::Value(
                                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("i".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                                ),
                            ],
                            named: true
                        }
                    )))],
                    clauses: vec![],
                }),
                null_treatment: None,
                filter: None,
                over: None,
                within_group: vec![],
            })))),
            access_chain: vec![AccessExpr::Dot(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("n")))],
        },
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_quoted_identifier() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"SELECT "quoted "" ident""#);
}

#[test]
fn parse_quoted_identifier_2() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"SELECT """quoted ident""""#);
}

#[test]
fn parse_local_and_global() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE table (COL INT)");
}

#[test]
fn parse_on_commit() {
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (COL INT) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS");

    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (COL INT) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS");

    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table (COL INT) ON COMMIT DROP");
}

#[test]
fn parse_xml_typed_string() {
    // xml '...' should parse as a TypedString on PostgreSQL and Generic
    let sql = "SELECT xml '<foo/>'";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    match expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0]) {
        Expr::TypedString(TypedString {
            data_type: DataType::Custom(name, modifiers),
            value,
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(name.to_string(), "xml");
            assert!(modifiers.is_empty());
            assert_eq!(value.value, Value::SingleQuotedString("<foo/>".to_string()));
        }
        other => panic!("Expected TypedString, got: {other:?}"),
    }
}

fn pg() -> TestedDialects {
    TestedDialects::new(vec![Box::new(PostgreSqlDialect {})])
}

fn pg_and_generic() -> TestedDialects {
    TestedDialects::new(vec![
        Box::new(PostgreSqlDialect {}),
        Box::new(GenericDialect {}),
    ])
}

#[test]
fn parse_escaped_literal_string() {
    let sql = r"SELECT E's1 \n s1', E's2 \\n s2', E's3 \\\n s3', E's4 \\\\n s4', E'\'', E'foo \\'";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(6, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("s1 \n s1".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("s2 \\n s2".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("s3 \\\n s3".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("s4 \\\\n s4".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("'".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("foo \\".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[5])
    );

    let sql = r"SELECT E'\'";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic()
            .parse_sql_statements(sql)
            .unwrap_err()
            .to_string(),
        "sql parser error: Unterminated encoded string literal at Line: 1, Column: 8"
    );

    let sql = r"SELECT E'\u0001', E'\U0010FFFF', E'\xC', E'\x25', E'\2', E'\45', E'\445'";
    let canonical = "";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select_with_canonical(sql, canonical);
    assert_eq!(7, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("\u{0001}".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("\u{10ffff}".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("\u{000c}".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("%".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("\u{0002}".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[4])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("%".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[5])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value((Value::EscapedStringLiteral("%".to_string())).with_empty_span()),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[6])
    );

    fn negative_cast(sqls: &[&str]) {
        for sql in sqls {
            assert_eq!(
                pg_and_generic()
                    .parse_sql_statements(sql)
                    .unwrap_err()
                    .to_string(),
                "sql parser error: Unterminated encoded string literal at Line: 1, Column: 8"
            );
        }
    }

    negative_cast(&[
        r"SELECT E'\u0000'",
        r"SELECT E'\U00110000'",
        r"SELECT E'\u{0001}'",
        r"SELECT E'\xCAD'",
        r"SELECT E'\080'",
    ]);
}

#[test]
fn parse_declare() {
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" CURSOR WITHOUT HOLD FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" BINARY CURSOR FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" ASENSITIVE CURSOR FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INSENSITIVE CURSOR FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" NO SCROLL CURSOR FOR SELECT 1");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("DECLARE \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" BINARY INSENSITIVE SCROLL CURSOR WITH HOLD FOR SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT 2222");
}

#[test]
fn parse_current_functions() {
    let sql = "SELECT CURRENT_CATALOG, CURRENT_USER, SESSION_USER, USER";
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("CURRENT_CATALOG")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::None,
            null_treatment: None,
            filter: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![],
        }),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("CURRENT_USER")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::None,
            null_treatment: None,
            filter: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![],
        }),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("SESSION_USER")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::None,
            null_treatment: None,
            filter: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![],
        }),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[2])
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("USER")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::None,
            null_treatment: None,
            filter: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![],
        }),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[3])
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_fetch() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH NEXT IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH PRIOR IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH FIRST IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH LAST IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH ABSOLUTE 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH RELATIVE 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH ALL IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("FETCH ALL IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH FORWARD 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH FORWARD ALL IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH BACKWARD 2048 IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
    pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("FETCH BACKWARD ALL IN \"SQL_CUR0x7fa44801bc00\" INTO \"new_table\"");
}

#[test]
fn parse_custom_operator() {
    // operator with a database and schema
    let sql = r#"SELECT * FROM events WHERE relname OPERATOR(database.pg_catalog.~) '^(table)$'"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        select.selection,
        Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "relname".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })),
            op: BinaryOperator::PGCustomBinaryOperator(vec![
                "database".into(),
                "pg_catalog".into(),
                "~".into()
            ]),
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("^(table)$".into())).with_empty_span()
            ))
        })
    );

    // operator with a schema
    let sql = r#"SELECT * FROM events WHERE relname OPERATOR(pg_catalog.~) '^(table)$'"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        select.selection,
        Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "relname".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })),
            op: BinaryOperator::PGCustomBinaryOperator(vec!["pg_catalog".into(), "~".into()]),
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("^(table)$".into())).with_empty_span()
            ))
        })
    );

    // custom operator without a schema
    let sql = r#"SELECT * FROM events WHERE relname OPERATOR(~) '^(table)$'"#;
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(sql);
    assert_eq!(
        select.selection,
        Some(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "relname".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })),
            op: BinaryOperator::PGCustomBinaryOperator(vec!["~".into()]),
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("^(table)$".into())).with_empty_span()
            ))
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_role() {
    let sql = "CREATE ROLE IF NOT EXISTS mysql_a, mysql_b";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateRole(create_role) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["mysql_a", "mysql_b"], &create_role.names);
            assert!(create_role.if_not_exists);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE ROLE abc LOGIN PASSWORD NULL";
    match pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).as_deref() {
        Ok([Statement::CreateRole(create_role)]) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["abc"], &create_role.names);
            assert_eq!(create_role.login, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.password, Some(Password::NullPassword));
        }
        err => panic!("Failed to parse CREATE ROLE test case: {err:?}"),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE ROLE abc WITH LOGIN PASSWORD NULL";
    match pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).as_deref() {
        Ok([Statement::CreateRole(create_role)]) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["abc"], &create_role.names);
            assert_eq!(create_role.login, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.password, Some(Password::NullPassword));
        }
        err => panic!("Failed to parse CREATE ROLE test case: {err:?}"),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE ROLE magician WITH SUPERUSER CREATEROLE NOCREATEDB BYPASSRLS INHERIT PASSWORD 'abcdef' LOGIN VALID UNTIL '2025-01-01' IN ROLE role1, role2 ROLE role3 ADMIN role4, role5 REPLICATION";
    // Roundtrip order of optional parameters is not preserved
    match pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).as_deref() {
        Ok([Statement::CreateRole(create_role)]) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["magician"], &create_role.names);
            assert!(!create_role.if_not_exists);
            assert_eq!(create_role.login, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.inherit, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.bypassrls, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(
                create_role.password,
                Some(Password::Password(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("abcdef".into())).with_empty_span()
                )))
            );
            assert_eq!(create_role.superuser, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.create_db, Some(false));
            assert_eq!(create_role.create_role, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.replication, Some(true));
            assert_eq!(create_role.connection_limit, None);
            assert_eq!(
                create_role.valid_until,
                Some(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("2025-01-01".into())).with_empty_span()
                ))
            );
            assert_eq_vec(&["role1", "role2"], &create_role.in_role);
            assert!(create_role.in_group.is_empty());
            assert_eq_vec(&["role3"], &create_role.role);
            assert_eq_vec(&["role4", "role5"], &create_role.admin);
            assert_eq!(create_role.authorization_owner, None);
        }
        err => panic!("Failed to parse CREATE ROLE test case: {err:?}"),
    }

    let sql = "CREATE ROLE abc WITH USER foo, bar ROLE baz ";
    match pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).as_deref() {
        Ok([Statement::CreateRole(create_role)]) => {
            assert_eq_vec(&["abc"], &create_role.names);
            assert_eq_vec(&["foo", "bar"], &create_role.user);
            assert_eq_vec(&["baz"], &create_role.role);
        }
        err => panic!("Failed to parse CREATE ROLE test case: {err:?}"),
    }

    let negatables = [
        "BYPASSRLS",
        "CREATEDB",
        "CREATEROLE",
        "INHERIT",
        "LOGIN",
        "REPLICATION",
        "SUPERUSER",
    ];

    for negatable_kw in negatables.iter() {
        let sql = format!("CREATE ROLE abc {negatable_kw} NO{negatable_kw}");
        if pg().parse_sql_statements(&sql).is_ok() {
            panic!("Should not be able to parse CREATE ROLE containing both negated and non-negated versions of the same keyword: {negatable_kw}")
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_role() {
    let sql = "ALTER ROLE old_name RENAME TO new_name";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "old_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::RenameRole {
                role_name: Ident {
                    value: "new_name".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name WITH SUPERUSER CREATEDB CREATEROLE INHERIT LOGIN REPLICATION BYPASSRLS CONNECTION LIMIT 100 PASSWORD 'abcdef' VALID UNTIL '2025-01-01'";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::WithOptions {
                options: vec![
                    RoleOption::SuperUser(true),
                    RoleOption::CreateDB(true),
                    RoleOption::CreateRole(true),
                    RoleOption::Inherit(true),
                    RoleOption::Login(true),
                    RoleOption::Replication(true),
                    RoleOption::BypassRLS(true),
                    RoleOption::ConnectionLimit(Expr::value(number("100"))),
                    RoleOption::Password({
                        Password::Password(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::SingleQuotedString("abcdef".into())).with_empty_span(),
                        ))
                    }),
                    RoleOption::ValidUntil(Expr::Value(
                        (Value::SingleQuotedString("2025-01-01".into(),)).with_empty_span()
                    ))
                ]
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name WITH NOSUPERUSER NOCREATEDB NOCREATEROLE NOINHERIT NOLOGIN NOREPLICATION NOBYPASSRLS PASSWORD NULL";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::WithOptions {
                options: vec![
                    RoleOption::SuperUser(false),
                    RoleOption::CreateDB(false),
                    RoleOption::CreateRole(false),
                    RoleOption::Inherit(false),
                    RoleOption::Login(false),
                    RoleOption::Replication(false),
                    RoleOption::BypassRLS(false),
                    RoleOption::Password(Password::NullPassword),
                ]
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name SET maintenance_work_mem FROM CURRENT";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Set {
                config_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "maintenance_work_mem".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                config_value: SetConfigValue::FromCurrent,
                in_database: None
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name IN DATABASE database_name SET maintenance_work_mem = 100000";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).unwrap(),
        [Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Set {
                config_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "maintenance_work_mem".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                config_value: SetConfigValue::Value(Expr::Value(
                    (number("100000")).with_empty_span()
                )),
                in_database: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "database_name".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]))
            },
        }]
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name IN DATABASE database_name SET maintenance_work_mem TO 100000";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Set {
                config_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "maintenance_work_mem".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                config_value: SetConfigValue::Value(Expr::Value(
                    (number("100000")).with_empty_span()
                )),
                in_database: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "database_name".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]))
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name IN DATABASE database_name SET maintenance_work_mem TO DEFAULT";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Set {
                config_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "maintenance_work_mem".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                config_value: SetConfigValue::Default,
                in_database: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "database_name".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]))
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name RESET ALL";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Reset {
                config_name: ResetConfig::ALL,
                in_database: None
            },
        }
    );

    let sql = "ALTER ROLE role_name IN DATABASE database_name RESET maintenance_work_mem";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterRole {
            name: Ident {
                value: "role_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
            operation: AlterRoleOperation::Reset {
                config_name: ResetConfig::ConfigName(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "maintenance_work_mem".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }])),
                in_database: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "database_name".into(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]))
            },
        }
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_delimited_identifiers() {
    // check that quoted identifiers in any position remain quoted after serialization
    let select = pg().verified_only_select(
        r#"SELECT "alias"."bar baz", "myfun"(), "simple id" AS "column alias" FROM "a table" AS "alias""#,
    );
    // check FROM
    match only(select.from).relation {
        TableFactor::Table {
            name,
            alias,
            args,
            with_hints,
            version,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!(
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::with_quote('"', "a table")]),
                name
            );
            assert_eq!(Ident::with_quote('"', "alias"), alias.unwrap().name);
            assert!(args.is_none());
            assert!(with_hints.is_empty());
            assert!(version.is_none());
        }
        _ => panic!("Expecting TableFactor::Table"),
    }
    // check SELECT
    assert_eq!(3, select.projection.len());
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
            Ident::with_quote('"', "alias"),
            Ident::with_quote('"', "bar baz"),
        ]),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[0]),
    );
    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Function(Function {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::with_quote('"', "myfun")]),
            uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            parameters: FunctionArguments::None,
            args: FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList {
                duplicate_treatment: None,
                args: vec![],
                clauses: vec![],
            }),
            null_treatment: None,
            filter: None,
            over: None,
            within_group: vec![],
        }),
        expr_from_projection(&select.projection[1]),
    );
    match &select.projection[2] {
        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias { expr, alias } => {
            assert_eq!(&Expr::Identifier(Ident::with_quote('"', "simple id")), expr);
            assert_eq!(&Ident::with_quote('"', "column alias"), alias);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected: ExprWithAlias"),
    }

    pg().verified_stmt(r#"CREATE TABLE "foo" ("bar" "int")"#);
    pg().verified_stmt(r#"ALTER TABLE foo ADD CONSTRAINT "bar" PRIMARY KEY (baz)"#);
    pg().verified_stmt(r#"UPDATE foo SET "bar" = 5"#);
}

#[test]
fn parse_update_has_keyword() {
    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        r#"UPDATE test SET name=$1,
                value=$2,
                where=$3,
                create=$4,
                is_default=$5,
                classification=$6,
                sort=$7
                WHERE id=$8"#,
        r#"UPDATE test SET name = $1, value = $2, where = $3, create = $4, is_default = $5, classification = $6, sort = $7 WHERE id = $8"#
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_update_in_with_subquery() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"WITH "result" AS (UPDATE "Hero" SET "name" = 'Captain America', "number_of_movies" = "number_of_movies" + 1 WHERE "secret_identity" = 'Sam Wilson' RETURNING "id", "name", "secret_identity", "number_of_movies") SELECT * FROM "result""#);
}

#[test]
fn parser_create_function_with_args() {
    let sql1 = r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_strings_different(str1 VARCHAR, str2 VARCHAR) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
    IF str1 <> str2 THEN
        RETURN TRUE;
    ELSE
        RETURN FALSE;
    END IF;
END;
$$"#;

    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql1),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_strings_different")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "str1",
                    DataType::Varchar(None),
                ),
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "str2",
                    DataType::Varchar(None),
                ),
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Boolean)),
            language: Some("plpgsql".into()),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {value: "\nBEGIN\n    IF str1 <> str2 THEN\n        RETURN TRUE;\n    ELSE\n        RETURN FALSE;\n    END IF;\nEND;\n".to_owned(), tag: None})).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    let sql2 = r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_not_zero(int1 INT) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
    IF int1 <> 0 THEN
        RETURN TRUE;
    ELSE
        RETURN FALSE;
    END IF;
END;
$$"#;
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql2),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_not_zero")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "int1",
                    DataType::Int(None)
                )
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Boolean)),
            language: Some("plpgsql".into()),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {value: "\nBEGIN\n    IF int1 <> 0 THEN\n        RETURN TRUE;\n    ELSE\n        RETURN FALSE;\n    END IF;\nEND;\n".to_owned(), tag: None})).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    let sql3 = r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_values_different(a INT, b INT) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
    IF a <> b THEN
        RETURN TRUE;
    ELSE
        RETURN FALSE;
    END IF;
END;
$$"#;
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql3),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_values_different")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "a",
                    DataType::Int(None)
                ),
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "b",
                    DataType::Int(None)
                ),
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Boolean)),
            language: Some("plpgsql".into()),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {value: "\nBEGIN\n    IF a <> b THEN\n        RETURN TRUE;\n    ELSE\n        RETURN FALSE;\n    END IF;\nEND;\n".to_owned(), tag: None})).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    let sql4 = r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION check_values_different(int1 INT, int2 INT) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
BEGIN
    IF int1 <> int2 THEN
        RETURN TRUE;
    ELSE
        RETURN FALSE;
    END IF;
END;
$$"#;
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql4),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_values_different")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "int1",
                    DataType::Int(None)
                ),
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "int2",
                    DataType::Int(None)
                ),
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Boolean)),
            language: Some("plpgsql".into()),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {value: "\nBEGIN\n    IF int1 <> int2 THEN\n        RETURN TRUE;\n    ELSE\n        RETURN FALSE;\n    END IF;\nEND;\n".to_owned(), tag: None})).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    let sql5 = r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION foo(a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, b VARCHAR) RETURNS BOOLEAN LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
    BEGIN
        RETURN TRUE;
    END;
    $$"#;
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql5),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: true,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("foo")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                    "a",
                    DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::WithTimeZone)
                ),
                OperateFunctionArg::with_name("b", DataType::Varchar(None)),
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Boolean)),
            language: Some("plpgsql".into()),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                        value: "\n    BEGIN\n        RETURN TRUE;\n    END;\n    ".to_owned(),
                        tag: None
                    }))
                    .with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    let incorrect_sql = "CREATE FUNCTION add(function(struct<a,b> int64), b INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE AS 'select $1 + $2;'";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(incorrect_sql).is_err(),);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function() {
    let sql = "CREATE FUNCTION add(INTEGER, INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE AS 'select $1 + $2;'";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: false,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("add")]),
            args: Some(vec![
                OperateFunctionArg::unnamed(DataType::Integer(None)),
                OperateFunctionArg::unnamed(DataType::Integer(None)),
            ]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Integer(None))),
            language: Some("SQL".into()),
            behavior: Some(FunctionBehavior::Immutable),
            called_on_null: Some(FunctionCalledOnNull::Strict),
            parallel: Some(FunctionParallel::Safe),
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("select $1 + $2;".into())).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: None,
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function_detailed() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE PARALLEL RESTRICTED RETURN a + b");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT PARALLEL RESTRICTED RETURN a + b");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL STABLE PARALLEL UNSAFE RETURN a + b");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL STABLE CALLED ON NULL INPUT PARALLEL UNSAFE RETURN a + b");
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION increment(i INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN RETURN i + 1; END; $$"#);
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION no_arg() RETURNS VOID LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN DELETE FROM my_table; END; $$"#);
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(r#"CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION return_table(i INTEGER) RETURNS TABLE(id UUID, is_active BOOLEAN) LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$ BEGIN RETURN QUERY SELECT NULL::UUID, NULL::BOOLEAN; END; $$"#);
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        "CREATE FUNCTION add(INTEGER, INTEGER DEFAULT 1) RETURNS INTEGER AS 'select $1 + $2;'",
        "CREATE FUNCTION add(INTEGER, INTEGER = 1) RETURNS INTEGER AS 'select $1 + $2;'",
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function_returns_setof() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE FUNCTION get_users() RETURNS SETOF TEXT LANGUAGE sql AS 'SELECT name FROM users'",
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE FUNCTION get_ids() RETURNS SETOF INTEGER LANGUAGE sql AS 'SELECT id FROM users'",
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        r#"CREATE FUNCTION get_all() RETURNS SETOF my_schema."MyType" LANGUAGE sql AS 'SELECT * FROM t'"#,
    );
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE FUNCTION get_rows() RETURNS SETOF RECORD LANGUAGE sql AS 'SELECT * FROM t'",
    );

    let sql = "CREATE FUNCTION get_names() RETURNS SETOF TEXT LANGUAGE sql AS 'SELECT name FROM t'";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { return_type, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(return_type, Some(FunctionReturnType::SetOf(DataType::Text)));
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function_with_security() {
    let sql =
        "CREATE FUNCTION test_fn() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SECURITY DEFINER AS $$ SELECT 1 $$";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { security, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(security, Some(FunctionSecurity::Definer));
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }

    let sql2 =
        "CREATE FUNCTION test_fn() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SECURITY INVOKER AS $$ SELECT 1 $$";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql2) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { security, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(security, Some(FunctionSecurity::Invoker));
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function_with_set_params() {
    let sql =
        "CREATE FUNCTION test_fn() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SET search_path = auth, pg_temp, public AS $$ SELECT 1 $$";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { set_params, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(set_params.len(), 1);
            assert_eq!(set_params[0].name.to_string(), "search_path");
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }

    // Test multiple SET params
    let sql2 =
        "CREATE FUNCTION test_fn() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SET search_path = public SET statement_timeout = '5s' AS $$ SELECT 1 $$";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql2) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { set_params, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(set_params.len(), 2);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }

    // Test FROM CURRENT
    let sql3 =
        "CREATE FUNCTION test_fn() RETURNS void LANGUAGE sql SET search_path FROM CURRENT AS $$ SELECT 1 $$";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql3) {
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction { set_params, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(set_params.len(), 1);
            assert!(matches!(set_params[0].value, FunctionSetValue::FromCurrent));
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateFunction"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_incorrect_create_function_parallel() {
    let sql = "CREATE FUNCTION add(INTEGER, INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER LANGUAGE SQL PARALLEL BLAH AS 'select $1 + $2;'";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_function_c_with_module_pathname() {
    let sql = "CREATE FUNCTION cas_in(input cstring) RETURNS cas LANGUAGE c IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'cas_in_wrapper'";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: false,
            temporary: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("cas_in")]),
            args: Some(vec![OperateFunctionArg::with_name(
                "input",
                DataType::Custom(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("cstring")]), vec![]),
            ),]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Custom(
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("cas")]),
                vec![]
            ))),
            language: Some("c".into()),
            behavior: Some(FunctionBehavior::Immutable),
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: Some(FunctionParallel::Safe),
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            function_body: Some(CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                body: Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("MODULE_PATHNAME".into())).with_empty_span()
                ),
                link_symbol: Some(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("cas_in_wrapper".into())).with_empty_span()
                )),
            }),
            if_not_exists: false,
            using: None,
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None,
        })
    );

    // Test that attribute order flexibility works (IMMUTABLE before LANGUAGE)
    let sql_alt_order = "CREATE FUNCTION cas_in(input cstring) RETURNS cas IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE LANGUAGE c AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'cas_in_wrapper'";
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        sql_alt_order,
        "CREATE FUNCTION cas_in(input cstring) RETURNS cas LANGUAGE c IMMUTABLE PARALLEL SAFE AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'cas_in_wrapper'"
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_function() {
    let sql = "DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_func";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropFunction(DropFunction {
            if_exists: true,
            func_desc: vec![FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "test_func".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                args: None
            }],
            drop_behavior: None
        })
    );

    let sql = "DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_func(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropFunction(DropFunction {
            if_exists: true,
            func_desc: vec![FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "test_func".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                args: Some(vec![
                    OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Integer(None)),
                    OperateFunctionArg {
                        mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                        name: Some("b".into()),
                        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                        default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                        )),
                    }
                ]),
            }],
            drop_behavior: None
        })
    );

    let sql = "DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS test_func1(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1), test_func2(a VARCHAR, IN b INTEGER = 1)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropFunction(DropFunction {
            if_exists: true,
            func_desc: vec![
                FunctionDesc {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                        value: "test_func1".to_string(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }]),
                    args: Some(vec![
                        OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Integer(None)),
                        OperateFunctionArg {
                            mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                            name: Some("b".into()),
                            data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                            default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                                (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                            )),
                        }
                    ]),
                },
                FunctionDesc {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                        value: "test_func2".to_string(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }]),
                    args: Some(vec![
                        OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Varchar(None)),
                        OperateFunctionArg {
                            mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                            name: Some("b".into()),
                            data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                            default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                                (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                            )),
                        }
                    ]),
                }
            ],
            drop_behavior: None
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_domain() {
    let sql = "DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS jpeg_domain";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropDomain(DropDomain {
            if_exists: true,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "jpeg_domain".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }]),
            drop_behavior: None
        })
    );

    let sql = "DROP DOMAIN jpeg_domain";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropDomain(DropDomain {
            if_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "jpeg_domain".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }]),
            drop_behavior: None
        })
    );

    let sql = "DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS jpeg_domain CASCADE";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropDomain(DropDomain {
            if_exists: true,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "jpeg_domain".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }]),
            drop_behavior: Some(DropBehavior::Cascade)
        })
    );

    let sql = "DROP DOMAIN IF EXISTS jpeg_domain RESTRICT";

    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropDomain(DropDomain {
            if_exists: true,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "jpeg_domain".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }]),
            drop_behavior: Some(DropBehavior::Restrict)
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_procedure() {
    let sql = "DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_proc";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropProcedure {
            if_exists: true,
            proc_desc: vec![FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "test_proc".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                args: None
            }],
            drop_behavior: None
        }
    );

    let sql = "DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_proc(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropProcedure {
            if_exists: true,
            proc_desc: vec![FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                    value: "test_proc".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }]),
                args: Some(vec![
                    OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Integer(None)),
                    OperateFunctionArg {
                        mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                        name: Some("b".into()),
                        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                        default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                        )),
                    }
                ]),
            }],
            drop_behavior: None
        }
    );

    let sql = "DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS test_proc1(a INTEGER, IN b INTEGER = 1), test_proc2(a VARCHAR, IN b INTEGER = 1)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropProcedure {
            if_exists: true,
            proc_desc: vec![
                FunctionDesc {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                        value: "test_proc1".to_string(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }]),
                    args: Some(vec![
                        OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Integer(None)),
                        OperateFunctionArg {
                            mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                            name: Some("b".into()),
                            data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                            default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                                (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                            )),
                        }
                    ]),
                },
                FunctionDesc {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                        value: "test_proc2".to_string(),
                        quote_style: None,
                        span: Span::empty(),
                    }]),
                    args: Some(vec![
                        OperateFunctionArg::with_name("a", DataType::Varchar(None)),
                        OperateFunctionArg {
                            mode: Some(ArgMode::In),
                            name: Some("b".into()),
                            data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                            default_expr: Some(Expr::Value(
                                (Value::Number("1".parse().unwrap(), false)).with_empty_span()
                            )),
                        }
                    ]),
                }
            ],
            drop_behavior: None
        }
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("DROP PROCEDURE testproc DROP");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: DROP".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );

    let res = pg().parse_sql_statements("DROP PROCEDURE testproc SET NULL");
    assert_eq!(
        ParserError::ParserError("Expected: end of statement, found: SET".to_string()),
        res.unwrap_err()
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_dollar_quoted_string() {
    let sql = "SELECT $$hello$$, $tag_name$world$tag_name$, $$Foo$Bar$$, $$Foo$Bar$$col_name, $$$$, $tag_name$$tag_name$";

    let stmt = pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).unwrap();

    let projection = match stmt.first().unwrap() {
        Statement::Query(query) => match &*query.body {
            SetExpr::Select(select) => &select.projection,
            _ => unreachable!(),
        },
        _ => unreachable!(),
    };

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(
            (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                tag: None,
                value: "hello".into()
            }))
            .with_empty_span()
        ),
        expr_from_projection(&projection[0])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(
            (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                tag: Some("tag_name".into()),
                value: "world".into()
            }))
            .with_empty_span()
        ),
        expr_from_projection(&projection[1])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        &Expr::Value(
            (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                tag: None,
                value: "Foo$Bar".into()
            }))
            .with_empty_span()
        ),
        expr_from_projection(&projection[2])
    );

    assert_eq!(
        projection[3],
        SelectItem::ExprWithAlias {
            expr: Expr::Value(
                (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                    tag: None,
                    value: "Foo$Bar".into(),
                }))
                .with_empty_span()
            ),
            alias: Ident {
                value: "col_name".into(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            },
        },
    );

    assert_eq!(
        expr_from_projection(&projection[4]),
        &Expr::Value(
            (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                tag: None,
                value: "".into()
            }))
            .with_empty_span()
        ),
    );

    assert_eq!(
        expr_from_projection(&projection[5]),
        &Expr::Value(
            (Value::DollarQuotedString(DollarQuotedString {
                tag: Some("tag_name".into()),
                value: "".into()
            }))
            .with_empty_span()
        ),
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_incorrect_dollar_quoted_string() {
    let sql = "SELECT $x$hello$$";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());

    let sql = "SELECT $hello$$";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());

    let sql = "SELECT $$$";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_select_group_by_grouping_sets() {
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(
        "SELECT brand, size, sum(sales) FROM items_sold GROUP BY size, GROUPING SETS ((brand), (size), ())"
    );
    assert_eq!(
        GroupByExpr::Expressions(
            vec![
                Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size")),
                Expr::GroupingSets(vec![
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("brand"))],
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size"))],
                    vec![],
                ]),
            ],
            vec![]
        ),
        select.group_by
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_select_group_by_rollup() {
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(
        "SELECT brand, size, sum(sales) FROM items_sold GROUP BY size, ROLLUP (brand, size)",
    );
    assert_eq!(
        GroupByExpr::Expressions(
            vec![
                Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size")),
                Expr::Rollup(vec![
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("brand"))],
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size"))],
                ]),
            ],
            vec![]
        ),
        select.group_by
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_select_group_by_cube() {
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(
        "SELECT brand, size, sum(sales) FROM items_sold GROUP BY size, CUBE (brand, size)",
    );
    assert_eq!(
        GroupByExpr::Expressions(
            vec![
                Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size")),
                Expr::Cube(vec![
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("brand"))],
                    vec![Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("size"))],
                ]),
            ],
            vec![]
        ),
        select.group_by
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_truncate() {
    let truncate = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("TRUNCATE db.table_name");
    let table_name = ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("db"), Ident::new("table_name")]);
    let table_names = vec![TruncateTableTarget {
        name: table_name.clone(),
        only: false,
        has_asterisk: false,
    }];
    assert_eq!(
        Statement::Truncate(Truncate {
            table_names,
            partitions: None,
            table: false,
            if_exists: false,
            identity: None,
            cascade: None,
            on_cluster: None,
        }),
        truncate
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_truncate_with_options() {
    let truncate = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("TRUNCATE TABLE ONLY db.table_name RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE");

    let table_name = ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("db"), Ident::new("table_name")]);
    let table_names = vec![TruncateTableTarget {
        name: table_name.clone(),
        only: true,
        has_asterisk: false,
    }];

    assert_eq!(
        Statement::Truncate(Truncate {
            table_names,
            partitions: None,
            table: true,
            if_exists: false,
            identity: Some(TruncateIdentityOption::Restart),
            cascade: Some(CascadeOption::Cascade),
            on_cluster: None,
        }),
        truncate
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_truncate_with_table_list() {
    let truncate = pg().verified_stmt(
        "TRUNCATE TABLE db.table_name, db.other_table_name RESTART IDENTITY CASCADE",
    );

    let table_name_a = ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("db"), Ident::new("table_name")]);
    let table_name_b = ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("db"), Ident::new("other_table_name")]);

    let table_names = vec![
        TruncateTableTarget {
            name: table_name_a.clone(),
            only: false,
            has_asterisk: false,
        },
        TruncateTableTarget {
            name: table_name_b.clone(),
            only: false,
            has_asterisk: false,
        },
    ];

    assert_eq!(
        Statement::Truncate(Truncate {
            table_names,
            partitions: None,
            table: true,
            if_exists: false,
            identity: Some(TruncateIdentityOption::Restart),
            cascade: Some(CascadeOption::Cascade),
            on_cluster: None,
        }),
        truncate
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_truncate_with_descendant() {
    let truncate = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("TRUNCATE TABLE t *");

    let table_names = vec![TruncateTableTarget {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("t")]),
        only: false,
        has_asterisk: true,
    }];

    assert_eq!(
        Statement::Truncate(Truncate {
            table_names,
            partitions: None,
            table: true,
            if_exists: false,
            identity: None,
            cascade: None,
            on_cluster: None,
        }),
        truncate
    );

    let truncate = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_stmt("TRUNCATE TABLE ONLY parent, child *, grandchild RESTART IDENTITY");

    let table_names = vec![
        TruncateTableTarget {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("parent")]),
            only: true,
            has_asterisk: false,
        },
        TruncateTableTarget {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("child")]),
            only: false,
            has_asterisk: true,
        },
        TruncateTableTarget {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("grandchild")]),
            only: false,
            has_asterisk: false,
        },
    ];

    assert_eq!(
        Statement::Truncate(Truncate {
            table_names,
            partitions: None,
            table: true,
            if_exists: false,
            identity: Some(TruncateIdentityOption::Restart),
            cascade: None,
            on_cluster: None,
        }),
        truncate
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_select_regexp_as_column_name() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_only_select(
        "SELECT REGEXP.REGEXP AS REGEXP FROM REGEXP AS REGEXP WHERE REGEXP.REGEXP",
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_alias() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE public.datatype_aliases
    (
      int8_col INT8,
      int4_col INT4,
      int2_col INT2,
      float8_col FLOAT8,
      float4_col FLOAT4,
      bool_col BOOL
    );";
    match pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, "") {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable {
            name,
            columns,
            constraints,
            if_not_exists: false,
            external: false,
            file_format: None,
            location: None,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!("public.datatype_aliases", name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "int8_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Int8(None),
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "int4_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Int4(None),
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "int2_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Int2(None),
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "float8_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Float8,
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "float4_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Float4,
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "bool_col".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Bool,
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                ]
            );
            assert!(constraints.is_empty());
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_partition_by() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE t1 (a INT, b TEXT) PARTITION BY RANGE(a)";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("t1", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "a".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Int(None),
                        options: vec![]
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "b".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::Text,
                        options: vec![]
                    }
                ],
                create_table.columns
            );
            match *create_table.partition_by.unwrap() {
                Expr::Function(f) => {
                    assert_eq!("RANGE", f.name.to_string());
                    assert_eq!(
                        FunctionArguments::List(FunctionArgumentList {
                            duplicate_treatment: None,
                            clauses: vec![],
                            args: vec![FunctionArg::Unnamed(FunctionArgExpr::Expr(
                                Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("a"))
                            ))],
                        }),
                        f.args
                    );
                }
                _ => unreachable!(),
            }
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_join_constraint_unnest_alias() {
    assert_eq!(
        only(
            pg().verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN UNNEST(t1.a) AS f ON c1 = c2")
                .from
        )
        .joins,
        vec![Join {
            relation: TableFactor::UNNEST {
                alias: table_alias(true, "f"),
                array_exprs: vec![Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                    Ident::new("t1"),
                    Ident::new("a")
                ])],
                with_offset: false,
                with_offset_alias: None,
                with_ordinality: false,
            },
            global: false,
            join_operator: JoinOperator::Join(JoinConstraint::On(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c1".into())),
                op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c2".into())),
            })),
        }]
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_complex_postgres_insert_with_alias() {
    let sql1 = "WITH existing AS (SELECT test_table.id FROM test_tables AS test_table WHERE (a = 12) AND (b = 34)), inserted AS (INSERT INTO test_tables AS test_table (id, a, b, c) VALUES (DEFAULT, 56, 78, 90) ON CONFLICT(a, b) DO UPDATE SET c = EXCLUDED.c WHERE (test_table.c <> EXCLUDED.c)) SELECT c FROM existing";

    pg().verified_stmt(sql1);
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "bigdecimal"))]
#[test]
fn test_simple_postgres_insert_with_alias() {
    let sql2 = "INSERT INTO test_tables AS test_table (id, a) VALUES (DEFAULT, 123)";

    let statement = pg().verified_stmt(sql2);

    assert_eq!(
        statement,
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            insert_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
            optimizer_hints: vec![],
            or: None,
            ignore: false,
            into: true,
            table: TableObject::TableName(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "test_tables".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }])),
            table_alias: Some(TableAliasWithoutColumns {
                explicit: true,
                alias: Ident {
                    value: "test_table".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }
            }),
            columns: vec![
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "id".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }),
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "a".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                })
            ],
            overwrite: false,
            source: Some(Box::new(Query {
                with: None,
                body: Box::new(SetExpr::Values(Values {
                    value_keyword: false,
                    explicit_row: false,
                    rows: vec![Parens::with_empty_span(vec![
                        Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT")),
                        Expr::Value((Value::Number("123".to_string(), false)).with_empty_span())
                    ])]
                })),
                order_by: None,
                limit_clause: None,
                fetch: None,
                locks: vec![],
                for_clause: None,
                settings: None,
                format_clause: None,
                pipe_operators: vec![],
            })),
            assignments: vec![],
            partitioned: None,
            after_columns: vec![],
            has_table_keyword: false,
            on: None,
            returning: None,
            output: None,
            replace_into: false,
            priority: None,
            insert_alias: None,
            settings: None,
            format_clause: None,
            multi_table_insert_type: None,
            multi_table_into_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_when_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_else_clause: None,
        })
    )
}

#[cfg(feature = "bigdecimal")]
#[test]
fn test_simple_postgres_insert_with_alias() {
    let sql2 = "INSERT INTO test_tables AS test_table (id, a) VALUES (DEFAULT, 123)";

    let statement = pg().verified_stmt(sql2);

    assert_eq!(
        statement,
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            insert_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
            optimizer_hints: vec![],
            or: None,
            ignore: false,
            into: true,
            table: TableObject::TableName(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "test_tables".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }])),
            table_alias: Some(TableAliasWithoutColumns {
                explicit: true,
                alias: Ident {
                    value: "test_table".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }
            }),
            columns: vec![
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "id".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }),
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "a".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                })
            ],
            overwrite: false,
            source: Some(Box::new(Query {
                with: None,
                body: Box::new(SetExpr::Values(Values {
                    value_keyword: false,
                    explicit_row: false,
                    rows: vec![Parens::with_empty_span(vec![
                        Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT")),
                        Expr::Value(
                            (Value::Number(bigdecimal::BigDecimal::new(123.into(), 0), false))
                                .with_empty_span()
                        )
                    ])]
                })),
                order_by: None,
                limit_clause: None,
                fetch: None,
                locks: vec![],
                for_clause: None,
                settings: None,
                format_clause: None,
                pipe_operators: vec![],
            })),
            assignments: vec![],
            partitioned: None,
            after_columns: vec![],
            has_table_keyword: false,
            on: None,
            returning: None,
            output: None,
            replace_into: false,
            priority: None,
            insert_alias: None,
            settings: None,
            format_clause: None,
            multi_table_insert_type: None,
            multi_table_into_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_when_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_else_clause: None,
        })
    )
}

#[test]
fn test_simple_insert_with_quoted_alias() {
    let sql = r#"INSERT INTO test_tables AS "Test_Table" (id, a) VALUES (DEFAULT, '0123')"#;

    let statement = pg().verified_stmt(sql);

    assert_eq!(
        statement,
        Statement::Insert(Insert {
            insert_token: AttachedToken::empty(),
            optimizer_hints: vec![],
            or: None,
            ignore: false,
            into: true,
            table: TableObject::TableName(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident {
                value: "test_tables".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            }])),
            table_alias: Some(TableAliasWithoutColumns {
                explicit: true,
                alias: Ident {
                    value: "Test_Table".to_string(),
                    quote_style: Some('"'),
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }
            }),
            columns: vec![
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "id".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                }),
                ObjectName::from(Ident {
                    value: "a".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                })
            ],
            overwrite: false,
            source: Some(Box::new(Query {
                with: None,
                body: Box::new(SetExpr::Values(Values {
                    value_keyword: false,
                    explicit_row: false,
                    rows: vec![Parens::with_empty_span(vec![
                        Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("DEFAULT")),
                        Expr::Value(
                            (Value::SingleQuotedString("0123".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                        )
                    ])]
                })),
                order_by: None,
                limit_clause: None,
                fetch: None,
                locks: vec![],
                for_clause: None,
                settings: None,
                format_clause: None,
                pipe_operators: vec![],
            })),
            assignments: vec![],
            partitioned: None,
            after_columns: vec![],
            has_table_keyword: false,
            on: None,
            returning: None,
            output: None,
            replace_into: false,
            priority: None,
            insert_alias: None,
            settings: None,
            format_clause: None,
            multi_table_insert_type: None,
            multi_table_into_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_when_clauses: vec![],
            multi_table_else_clause: None,
        })
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_array_agg() {
    // follows general function with wildcard code path
    let sql = r#"SELECT GREATEST(sections_tbl.*) AS sections FROM sections_tbl"#;
    pg().verified_stmt(sql);

    // follows special-case array_agg code path
    let sql2 = "SELECT ARRAY_AGG(sections_tbl.*) AS sections FROM sections_tbl";
    pg().verified_stmt(sql2);

    // handles multi-part identifier with general code path
    let sql3 = "SELECT GREATEST(my_schema.sections_tbl.*) AS sections FROM sections_tbl";
    pg().verified_stmt(sql3);

    // handles multi-part identifier with array_agg code path
    let sql4 = "SELECT ARRAY_AGG(my_schema.sections_tbl.*) AS sections FROM sections_tbl";
    pg().verified_stmt(sql4);
}

#[test]
fn parse_mat_cte() {
    let sql = r#"WITH cte AS MATERIALIZED (SELECT id FROM accounts) SELECT id FROM cte"#;
    pg().verified_stmt(sql);

    let sql2 = r#"WITH cte AS NOT MATERIALIZED (SELECT id FROM accounts) SELECT id FROM cte"#;
    pg().verified_stmt(sql2);
}

#[test]
fn parse_at_time_zone() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_expr("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE tz");
    pg_and_generic().verified_expr("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE ('America/' || 'Los_Angeles')");

    // check precedence
    let expr = Expr::BinaryOp {
        left: Box::new(Expr::AtTimeZone {
            timestamp: Box::new(Expr::TypedString(TypedString {
                data_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                value: ValueWithSpan {
                    value: Value::SingleQuotedString("2001-09-28 01:00".to_string()),
                    span: Span::empty(),
                },
                uses_odbc_syntax: false,
            })),
            time_zone: Box::new(Expr::Cast {
                kind: CastKind::DoubleColon,
                expr: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                    Value::SingleQuotedString("America/Los_Angeles".to_owned()).with_empty_span(),
                )),
                data_type: DataType::Text,
                array: false,
                format: None,
            }),
        }),
        op: BinaryOperator::Plus,
        right: Box::new(Expr::Interval(Interval {
            value: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                Value::SingleQuotedString("23 hours".to_owned()).with_empty_span(),
            )),
            leading_field: None,
            leading_precision: None,
            last_field: None,
            fractional_seconds_precision: None,
        })),
    };
    pretty_assertions::assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_expr(
            "TIMESTAMP '2001-09-28 01:00' AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles'::TEXT + INTERVAL '23 hours'",
        ),
        expr
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_interval_data_type() {
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE t (i INTERVAL)");
    for p in 0..=6 {
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("CREATE TABLE t (i INTERVAL({p}))"));
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT '1 second'::INTERVAL({p})"));
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT CAST('1 second' AS INTERVAL({p}))"));
    }
    let fields = [
        "YEAR",
        "MONTH",
        "DAY",
        "HOUR",
        "MINUTE",
        "SECOND",
        "YEAR TO MONTH",
        "DAY TO HOUR",
        "DAY TO MINUTE",
        "DAY TO SECOND",
        "HOUR TO MINUTE",
        "HOUR TO SECOND",
        "MINUTE TO SECOND",
    ];
    for field in fields {
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("CREATE TABLE t (i INTERVAL {field})"));
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT '1 second'::INTERVAL {field}"));
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT CAST('1 second' AS INTERVAL {field})"));
    }
    for p in 0..=6 {
        for field in fields {
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("CREATE TABLE t (i INTERVAL {field}({p}))"));
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT '1 second'::INTERVAL {field}({p})"));
            pg_and_generic()
                .verified_stmt(&format!("SELECT CAST('1 second' AS INTERVAL {field}({p}))"));
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_interval_keyword_as_unquoted_identifier() {
    pg().verified_stmt("SELECT MAX(interval) FROM tbl");
    pg().verified_expr("INTERVAL '1 day'");
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_with_options() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE t (c INT) WITH (foo = 'bar', a = 123)";
    match pg().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { table_options, .. }) => {
            let with_options = match table_options {
                CreateTableOptions::With(options) => options,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            };
            assert_eq!(
                vec![
                    SqlOption::KeyValue {
                        key: "foo".into(),
                        value: Expr::Value(
                            (Value::SingleQuotedString("bar".into())).with_empty_span()
                        ),
                    },
                    SqlOption::KeyValue {
                        key: "a".into(),
                        value: Expr::value(number("123")),
                    },
                ],
                with_options
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_table_function_with_ordinality() {
    let from = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM generate_series(1, 10) WITH ORDINALITY AS t")
        .from;
    assert_eq!(1, from.len());
    match from[0].relation {
        TableFactor::Table {
            ref name,
            with_ordinality: true,
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!("generate_series", name.to_string().as_str());
        }
        _ => panic!("Expecting TableFactor::Table with ordinality"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_lateral_function_with_ordinality_and_column_aliases() {
    let from = pg()
        .verified_only_select(
            "SELECT * FROM tbl, \
             LATERAL json_array_elements(c1::JSON) \
             WITH ORDINALITY AS t (c1, index)",
        )
        .from;
    assert_eq!(2, from.len());
    match &from[1].relation {
        TableFactor::Function {
            lateral: true,
            name,
            with_ordinality: true,
            alias: Some(alias),
            ..
        } => {
            assert_eq!("json_array_elements", name.to_string().as_str());
            assert_eq!("t", alias.name.value.as_str());
            assert_eq!(2, alias.columns.len());
            assert_eq!("c1", alias.columns[0].name.value.as_str());
            assert_eq!("index", alias.columns[1].name.value.as_str());
        }
        _ => panic!("Expecting TableFactor::Function with ordinality and alias columns"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_table_unnest_with_ordinality() {
    let from = pg_and_generic()
        .verified_only_select("SELECT * FROM UNNEST([10, 20, 30]) WITH ORDINALITY AS t")
        .from;
    assert_eq!(1, from.len());
    match from[0].relation {
        TableFactor::UNNEST {
            with_ordinality: true,
            ..
        } => {}
        _ => panic!("Expecting TableFactor::UNNEST with ordinality"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn test_escaped_string_literal() {
    match pg().verified_expr(r#"E'\n'"#) {
        Expr::Value(ValueWithSpan {
            value: Value::EscapedStringLiteral(s),
            span: _,
        }) => {
            assert_eq!("\n", s);
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_domain() {
    let sql1 = "CREATE DOMAIN my_domain AS INTEGER CHECK (VALUE > 0)";
    let expected = Statement::CreateDomain(CreateDomain {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_domain")]),
        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
        collation: None,
        default: None,
        constraints: vec![CheckConstraint {
            name: None,
            expr: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("VALUE"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("0").into())),
            }),
            enforced: None,
        }
        .into()],
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql1), expected);

    let sql2 = "CREATE DOMAIN my_domain AS INTEGER COLLATE \"en_US\" CHECK (VALUE > 0)";
    let expected = Statement::CreateDomain(CreateDomain {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_domain")]),
        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
        collation: Some(Ident::with_quote('"', "en_US")),
        default: None,
        constraints: vec![CheckConstraint {
            name: None,
            expr: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("VALUE"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("0").into())),
            }),
            enforced: None,
        }
        .into()],
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql2), expected);

    let sql3 = "CREATE DOMAIN my_domain AS INTEGER DEFAULT 1 CHECK (VALUE > 0)";
    let expected = Statement::CreateDomain(CreateDomain {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_domain")]),
        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
        collation: None,
        default: Some(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("1").into())),
        constraints: vec![CheckConstraint {
            name: None,
            expr: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("VALUE"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("0").into())),
            }),
            enforced: None,
        }
        .into()],
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql3), expected);

    let sql4 = "CREATE DOMAIN my_domain AS INTEGER COLLATE \"en_US\" DEFAULT 1 CHECK (VALUE > 0)";
    let expected = Statement::CreateDomain(CreateDomain {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_domain")]),
        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
        collation: Some(Ident::with_quote('"', "en_US")),
        default: Some(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("1").into())),
        constraints: vec![CheckConstraint {
            name: None,
            expr: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("VALUE"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("0").into())),
            }),
            enforced: None,
        }
        .into()],
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql4), expected);

    let sql5 = "CREATE DOMAIN my_domain AS INTEGER CONSTRAINT my_constraint CHECK (VALUE > 0)";
    let expected = Statement::CreateDomain(CreateDomain {
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_domain")]),
        data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
        collation: None,
        default: None,
        constraints: vec![CheckConstraint {
            name: Some(Ident::new("my_constraint")),
            expr: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident::new("VALUE"))),
                op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(test_utils::number("0").into())),
            }),
            enforced: None,
        }
        .into()],
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql5), expected);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_simple_before_insert_trigger() {
    let sql = "CREATE TRIGGER check_insert BEFORE INSERT ON accounts FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_insert";
    let expected = Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
        or_alter: false,
        temporary: false,
        or_replace: false,
        is_constraint: false,
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_insert")]),
        period: Some(TriggerPeriod::Before),
        period_before_table: true,
        events: vec![TriggerEvent::Insert],
        table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("accounts")]),
        referenced_table_name: None,
        referencing: vec![],
        trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
        condition: None,
        exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
            exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
            func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_account_insert")]),
                args: None,
            },
        }),
        statements_as: false,
        statements: None,
        characteristics: None,
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql), expected);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_after_update_trigger_with_condition() {
    let sql = "CREATE TRIGGER check_update AFTER UPDATE ON accounts FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.balance > 10000) EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_update";
    let expected = Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
        or_alter: false,
        temporary: false,
        or_replace: false,
        is_constraint: false,
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_update")]),
        period: Some(TriggerPeriod::After),
        period_before_table: true,
        events: vec![TriggerEvent::Update(vec![])],
        table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("accounts")]),
        referenced_table_name: None,
        referencing: vec![],
        trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
        condition: Some(Expr::Nested(Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::CompoundIdentifier(vec![
                Ident::new("NEW"),
                Ident::new("balance"),
            ])),
            op: BinaryOperator::Gt,
            right: Box::new(Expr::value(number("10000"))),
        }))),
        exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
            exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
            func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_account_update")]),
                args: None,
            },
        }),
        statements_as: false,
        statements: None,
        characteristics: None,
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql), expected);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_instead_of_delete_trigger() {
    let sql = "CREATE TRIGGER check_delete INSTEAD OF DELETE ON accounts FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_deletes";
    let expected = Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
        or_alter: false,
        temporary: false,
        or_replace: false,
        is_constraint: false,
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_delete")]),
        period: Some(TriggerPeriod::InsteadOf),
        period_before_table: true,
        events: vec![TriggerEvent::Delete],
        table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("accounts")]),
        referenced_table_name: None,
        referencing: vec![],
        trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
        condition: None,
        exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
            exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
            func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_account_deletes")]),
                args: None,
            },
        }),
        statements_as: false,
        statements: None,
        characteristics: None,
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql), expected);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_trigger_with_multiple_events_and_deferrable() {
    let sql = "CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER check_multiple_events BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON accounts DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_changes";
    let expected = Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
        or_alter: false,
        temporary: false,
        or_replace: false,
        is_constraint: true,
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_multiple_events")]),
        period: Some(TriggerPeriod::Before),
        period_before_table: true,
        events: vec![
            TriggerEvent::Insert,
            TriggerEvent::Update(vec![]),
            TriggerEvent::Delete,
        ],
        table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("accounts")]),
        referenced_table_name: None,
        referencing: vec![],
        trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
        condition: None,
        exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
            exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
            func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_account_changes")]),
                args: None,
            },
        }),
        statements_as: false,
        statements: None,
        characteristics: Some(ConstraintCharacteristics {
            deferrable: Some(true),
            initially: Some(DeferrableInitial::Deferred),
            enforced: None,
        }),
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql), expected);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_trigger_with_referencing() {
    let sql = "CREATE TRIGGER check_referencing BEFORE INSERT ON accounts REFERENCING NEW TABLE AS new_accounts OLD TABLE AS old_accounts FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_referencing";
    let expected = Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
        or_alter: false,
        temporary: false,
        or_replace: false,
        is_constraint: false,
        name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_referencing")]),
        period: Some(TriggerPeriod::Before),
        period_before_table: true,
        events: vec![TriggerEvent::Insert],
        table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("accounts")]),
        referenced_table_name: None,
        referencing: vec![
            TriggerReferencing {
                refer_type: TriggerReferencingType::NewTable,
                is_as: true,
                transition_relation_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new_accounts")]),
            },
            TriggerReferencing {
                refer_type: TriggerReferencingType::OldTable,
                is_as: true,
                transition_relation_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("old_accounts")]),
            },
        ],
        trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
        condition: None,
        exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
            exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
            func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_account_referencing")]),
                args: None,
            },
        }),
        statements_as: false,
        statements: None,
        characteristics: None,
    });

    assert_eq!(pg().verified_stmt(sql), expected);
}

#[test]
/// While in the parse_create_trigger test we test the full syntax of the CREATE TRIGGER statement,
/// here we test the invalid cases of the CREATE TRIGGER statement which should cause an appropriate
/// error to be returned.
fn parse_create_trigger_invalid_cases() {
    // Test invalid cases for the CREATE TRIGGER statement
    let invalid_cases = vec![
        (
            "CREATE TRIGGER check_update BEFORE UPDATE ON accounts FUNCTION check_account_update",
            "Expected: an SQL statement, found: FUNCTION"
        ),
        (
            "CREATE TRIGGER check_update TOMORROW UPDATE ON accounts EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_update",
            "Expected: one of INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE or TRUNCATE, found: TOMORROW"
        ),
        (
            "CREATE TRIGGER check_update BEFORE SAVE ON accounts EXECUTE FUNCTION check_account_update",
            "Expected: one of INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE or TRUNCATE, found: SAVE"
        )
    ];

    for (sql, expected_error) in invalid_cases {
        let res = pg().parse_sql_statements(sql);
        assert_eq!(
            format!("sql parser error: {expected_error}"),
            res.unwrap_err().to_string()
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_trigger() {
    for if_exists in [true, false] {
        for option in [
            None,
            Some(ReferentialAction::Cascade),
            Some(ReferentialAction::Restrict),
        ] {
            let sql = &format!(
                "DROP TRIGGER{} check_update ON table_name{}",
                if if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
                option
                    .map(|o| format!(" {o}"))
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_string())
            );
            assert_eq!(
                pg().verified_stmt(sql),
                Statement::DropTrigger(DropTrigger {
                    if_exists,
                    trigger_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("check_update")]),
                    table_name: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("table_name")])),
                    option
                })
            );
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_trigger_invalid_cases() {
    // Test invalid cases for the DROP TRIGGER statement
    let invalid_cases = vec![
        (
            "DROP TRIGGER check_update ON table_name CASCADE RESTRICT",
            "Expected: end of statement, found: RESTRICT",
        ),
        (
            "DROP TRIGGER check_update ON table_name CASCADE CASCADE",
            "Expected: end of statement, found: CASCADE",
        ),
        (
            "DROP TRIGGER check_update ON table_name CASCADE CASCADE CASCADE",
            "Expected: end of statement, found: CASCADE",
        ),
    ];

    for (sql, expected_error) in invalid_cases {
        let res = pg().parse_sql_statements(sql);
        assert_eq!(
            format!("sql parser error: {expected_error}"),
            res.unwrap_err().to_string()
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_trigger_related_functions() {
    // First we define all parts of the trigger definition,
    // including the table creation, the function creation, the trigger creation and the trigger drop.
    // The following example is taken from the PostgreSQL documentation <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/plpgsql-trigger.html>

    let sql_table_creation = r#"
    CREATE TABLE emp (
        empname           text,
        salary            integer,
        last_date         timestamp,
        last_user         text
    );
    "#;

    let sql_create_function = r#"
    CREATE FUNCTION emp_stamp() RETURNS trigger AS $emp_stamp$
        BEGIN
            -- Check that empname and salary are given
            IF NEW.empname IS NULL THEN
                RAISE EXCEPTION 'empname cannot be null';
            END IF;
            IF NEW.salary IS NULL THEN
                RAISE EXCEPTION '% cannot have null salary', NEW.empname;
            END IF;

            -- Who works for us when they must pay for it?
            IF NEW.salary < 0 THEN
                RAISE EXCEPTION '% cannot have a negative salary', NEW.empname;
            END IF;

            -- Remember who changed the payroll when
            NEW.last_date := current_timestamp;
            NEW.last_user := current_user;
            RETURN NEW;
        END;
    $emp_stamp$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
    "#;

    let sql_create_trigger = r#"
    CREATE TRIGGER emp_stamp BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON emp
        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION emp_stamp();
    "#;

    let sql_drop_trigger = r#"
    DROP TRIGGER emp_stamp ON emp;
    "#;

    // Now we parse the statements and check if they are parsed correctly.
    let mut statements = pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(&format!(
            "{sql_table_creation}{sql_create_function}{sql_create_trigger}{sql_drop_trigger}"
        ))
        .unwrap();

    assert_eq!(statements.len(), 4);
    let drop_trigger = statements.pop().unwrap();
    let create_trigger = statements.pop().unwrap();
    let create_function = statements.pop().unwrap();
    let create_table = statements.pop().unwrap();

    // Check the first statement
    let create_table = match create_table {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => create_table,
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable statement"),
    };

    assert_eq!(
        create_table,
        CreateTable {
            or_replace: false,
            temporary: false,
            external: false,
            global: None,
            dynamic: false,
            if_not_exists: false,
            transient: false,
            volatile: false,
            iceberg: false,
            snapshot: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp")]),
            columns: vec![
                ColumnDef {
                    name: "empname".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::Text,
                    options: vec![],
                },
                ColumnDef {
                    name: "salary".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                    options: vec![],
                },
                ColumnDef {
                    name: "last_date".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::None),
                    options: vec![],
                },
                ColumnDef {
                    name: "last_user".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::Text,
                    options: vec![],
                },
            ],
            constraints: vec![],
            hive_distribution: HiveDistributionStyle::NONE,
            hive_formats: None,
            file_format: None,
            location: None,
            query: None,
            without_rowid: false,
            like: None,
            clone: None,
            comment: None,
            on_commit: None,
            on_cluster: None,
            primary_key: None,
            order_by: None,
            partition_by: None,
            cluster_by: None,
            clustered_by: None,
            inherits: None,
            partition_of: None,
            for_values: None,
            strict: false,
            copy_grants: false,
            enable_schema_evolution: None,
            change_tracking: None,
            data_retention_time_in_days: None,
            max_data_extension_time_in_days: None,
            default_ddl_collation: None,
            with_aggregation_policy: None,
            with_row_access_policy: None,
            with_storage_lifecycle_policy: None,
            with_tags: None,
            base_location: None,
            external_volume: None,
            catalog: None,
            catalog_sync: None,
            storage_serialization_policy: None,
            table_options: CreateTableOptions::None,
            target_lag: None,
            warehouse: None,
            version: None,
            refresh_mode: None,
            initialize: None,
            require_user: false,
            diststyle: None,
            distkey: None,
            sortkey: None,
            backup: None,
            multiset: None,
            fallback: None,
            with_data: None,
        }
    );

    // Check the second statement

    assert_eq!(
        create_function,
        Statement::CreateFunction(CreateFunction {
            or_alter: false,
            or_replace: false,
            temporary: false,
            if_not_exists: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp_stamp")]),
            args: Some(vec![]),
            return_type: Some(FunctionReturnType::DataType(DataType::Trigger)),
            function_body: Some(
                CreateFunctionBody::AsBeforeOptions {
                    body: Expr::Value((
                        Value::DollarQuotedString(
                            DollarQuotedString {
                                value: "\n        BEGIN\n            -- Check that empname and salary are given\n            IF NEW.empname IS NULL THEN\n                RAISE EXCEPTION 'empname cannot be null';\n            END IF;\n            IF NEW.salary IS NULL THEN\n                RAISE EXCEPTION '% cannot have null salary', NEW.empname;\n            END IF;\n\n            -- Who works for us when they must pay for it?\n            IF NEW.salary < 0 THEN\n                RAISE EXCEPTION '% cannot have a negative salary', NEW.empname;\n            END IF;\n\n            -- Remember who changed the payroll when\n            NEW.last_date := current_timestamp;\n            NEW.last_user := current_user;\n            RETURN NEW;\n        END;\n    ".to_owned(),
                                tag: Some(
                                    "emp_stamp".to_owned(),
                                ),
                            },
                        )
                    ).with_empty_span()),
                    link_symbol: None,
                },
            ),
            behavior: None,
            called_on_null: None,
            parallel: None,
            security: None,
            set_params: vec![],
            using: None,
            language: Some(Ident::new("plpgsql")),
            determinism_specifier: None,
            options: None,
            remote_connection: None
        }
    ));

    // Check the third statement

    assert_eq!(
        create_trigger,
        Statement::CreateTrigger(CreateTrigger {
            or_alter: false,
            temporary: false,
            or_replace: false,
            is_constraint: false,
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp_stamp")]),
            period: Some(TriggerPeriod::Before),
            period_before_table: true,
            events: vec![TriggerEvent::Insert, TriggerEvent::Update(vec![])],
            table_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp")]),
            referenced_table_name: None,
            referencing: vec![],
            trigger_object: Some(TriggerObjectKind::ForEach(TriggerObject::Row)),
            condition: None,
            exec_body: Some(TriggerExecBody {
                exec_type: TriggerExecBodyType::Function,
                func_desc: FunctionDesc {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp_stamp")]),
                    args: Some(vec![]),
                }
            }),
            statements_as: false,
            statements: None,
            characteristics: None
        })
    );

    // Check the fourth statement
    assert_eq!(
        drop_trigger,
        Statement::DropTrigger(DropTrigger {
            if_exists: false,
            trigger_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp_stamp")]),
            table_name: Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("emp")])),
            option: None
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn test_unicode_string_literal() {
    let pairs = [
        // Example from the postgres docs
        (r#"U&'\0441\043B\043E\043D'"#, "слон"),
        // High unicode code point (> 0xFFFF)
        (r#"U&'\+01F418'"#, "🐘"),
        // Escaped backslash
        (r#"U&'\\'"#, r#"\"#),
        // Escaped single quote
        (r#"U&''''"#, "'"),
    ];
    for (input, expected) in pairs {
        match pg_and_generic().verified_expr(input) {
            Expr::Value(ValueWithSpan {
                value: Value::UnicodeStringLiteral(s),
                span: _,
            }) => {
                assert_eq!(expected, s);
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
}

fn check_arrow_precedence(sql: &str, arrow_operator: BinaryOperator) {
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_expr(sql),
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::BinaryOp {
                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                    value: "foo".to_string(),
                    quote_style: None,
                    span: Span::empty(),
                })),
                op: arrow_operator,
                right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("bar".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                )),
            }),
            op: BinaryOperator::Eq,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                (Value::SingleQuotedString("spam".to_string())).with_empty_span()
            )),
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn arrow_precedence() {
    check_arrow_precedence("foo -> 'bar' = 'spam'", BinaryOperator::Arrow);
}

#[test]
fn long_arrow_precedence() {
    check_arrow_precedence("foo ->> 'bar' = 'spam'", BinaryOperator::LongArrow);
}

#[test]
fn arrow_cast_precedence() {
    // check this matches postgres where you would need `(foo -> 'bar')::TEXT`
    let stmt = pg().verified_expr("foo -> 'bar'::TEXT");
    assert_eq!(
        stmt,
        Expr::BinaryOp {
            left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier(Ident {
                value: "foo".to_string(),
                quote_style: None,
                span: Span::empty(),
            })),
            op: BinaryOperator::Arrow,
            right: Box::new(Expr::Cast {
                kind: CastKind::DoubleColon,
                expr: Box::new(Expr::Value(
                    (Value::SingleQuotedString("bar".to_string())).with_empty_span()
                )),
                data_type: DataType::Text,
                array: false,
                format: None,
            }),
        }
    )
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_type_as_enum() {
    let sql = "CREATE TYPE public.my_type AS ENUM ('label1', 'label2', 'label3', 'label4')";
    let statement = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
    match statement {
        Statement::CreateType {
            name,
            representation: Some(UserDefinedTypeRepresentation::Enum { labels }),
        } => {
            assert_eq!("public.my_type", name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                vec!["label1", "label2", "label3", "label4"]
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(|l| Ident::with_quote('\'', l))
                    .collect::<Vec<Ident>>(),
                labels
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!("{:?} should parse to Statement::CreateType", sql),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_type() {
    struct TestCase {
        sql: &'static str,
        name: &'static str,
        operation: AlterTypeOperation,
    }
    vec![
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type RENAME TO my_new_type",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::Rename(AlterTypeRename {
                new_name: Ident::new("my_new_type"),
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'label3.5' BEFORE 'label4'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: true,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label3.5"),
                position: Some(AlterTypeAddValuePosition::Before(Ident::with_quote(
                    '\'', "label4",
                ))),
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE 'label3.5' BEFORE 'label4'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: false,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label3.5"),
                position: Some(AlterTypeAddValuePosition::Before(Ident::with_quote(
                    '\'', "label4",
                ))),
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'label3.5' AFTER 'label3'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: true,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label3.5"),
                position: Some(AlterTypeAddValuePosition::After(Ident::with_quote(
                    '\'', "label3",
                ))),
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE 'label3.5' AFTER 'label3'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: false,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label3.5"),
                position: Some(AlterTypeAddValuePosition::After(Ident::with_quote(
                    '\'', "label3",
                ))),
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE IF NOT EXISTS 'label5'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: true,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label5"),
                position: None,
            }),
        },
        TestCase {
            sql: "ALTER TYPE public.my_type ADD VALUE 'label5'",
            name: "public.my_type",
            operation: AlterTypeOperation::AddValue(AlterTypeAddValue {
                if_not_exists: false,
                value: Ident::with_quote('\'', "label5"),
                position: None,
            }),
        },
    ]
    .into_iter()
    .enumerate()
    .for_each(|(index, tc)| {
        let statement = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(tc.sql);
        if let Statement::AlterType(AlterType { name, operation }) = statement {
            assert_eq!(tc.name, name.to_string(), "TestCase[{index}].name");
            assert_eq!(tc.operation, operation, "TestCase[{index}].operation");
        } else {
            unreachable!("{:?} should parse to Statement::AlterType", tc.sql);
        }
    });
}

#[test]
fn parse_bitstring_literal() {
    let select = pg_and_generic().verified_only_select("SELECT B'111'");
    assert_eq!(
        select.projection,
        vec![SelectItem::UnnamedExpr(Expr::Value(
            (Value::SingleQuotedByteStringLiteral("111".to_string())).with_empty_span()
        ))]
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_varbit_datatype() {
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE foo (x VARBIT, y VARBIT(42))") {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "x".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::VarBit(None),
                        options: vec![],
                    },
                    ColumnDef {
                        name: "y".into(),
                        data_type: DataType::VarBit(Some(42)),
                        options: vec![],
                    }
                ]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_replica_identity() {
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE foo REPLICA IDENTITY FULL") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::ReplicaIdentity {
                    identity: ReplicaIdentity::Full
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE foo REPLICA IDENTITY USING INDEX foo_idx") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::ReplicaIdentity {
                    identity: ReplicaIdentity::Index("foo_idx".into())
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE foo REPLICA IDENTITY NOTHING") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::ReplicaIdentity {
                    identity: ReplicaIdentity::Nothing
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE foo REPLICA IDENTITY DEFAULT") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::ReplicaIdentity {
                    identity: ReplicaIdentity::Default
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_ts_datatypes() {
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE foo (x TSVECTOR)") {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![ColumnDef {
                    name: "x".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::TsVector,
                    options: vec![],
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE TABLE foo (x TSQUERY)") {
        Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { columns, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                columns,
                vec![ColumnDef {
                    name: "x".into(),
                    data_type: DataType::TsQuery,
                    options: vec![],
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_constraint_not_valid() {
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "ALTER TABLE foo ADD CONSTRAINT bar FOREIGN KEY (baz) REFERENCES other(ref) NOT VALID",
    ) {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::AddConstraint {
                    constraint: ForeignKeyConstraint {
                        name: Some("bar".into()),
                        index_name: None,
                        columns: vec!["baz".into()],
                        foreign_table: ObjectName::from(vec!["other".into()]),
                        referred_columns: vec!["ref".into()],
                        on_delete: None,
                        on_update: None,
                        match_kind: None,
                        characteristics: None,
                    }
                    .into(),
                    not_valid: true,
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_table_validate_constraint() {
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER TABLE foo VALIDATE CONSTRAINT bar") {
        Statement::AlterTable(AlterTable { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterTableOperation::ValidateConstraint { name: "bar".into() }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_server() {
    let test_cases = vec![
        (
            "CREATE SERVER myserver FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw",
            CreateServerStatement {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec!["myserver".into()]),
                if_not_exists: false,
                server_type: None,
                version: None,
                foreign_data_wrapper: ObjectName::from(vec!["postgres_fdw".into()]),
                options: None,
            },
        ),
        (
            "CREATE SERVER IF NOT EXISTS myserver TYPE 'server_type' VERSION 'server_version' FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw",
            CreateServerStatement {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec!["myserver".into()]),
            if_not_exists: true,
            server_type: Some(Ident {
                value: "server_type".to_string(),
                quote_style: Some('\''),
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),
            version: Some(Ident {
                value: "server_version".to_string(),
                quote_style: Some('\''),
                span: Span::empty(),
            }),
            foreign_data_wrapper: ObjectName::from(vec!["postgres_fdw".into()]),
            options: None,
        }
        ),
        (
            "CREATE SERVER myserver2 FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw OPTIONS (host 'foo', dbname 'foodb', port '5432')",
            CreateServerStatement {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec!["myserver2".into()]),
                if_not_exists: false,
                server_type: None,
                version: None,
                foreign_data_wrapper: ObjectName::from(vec!["postgres_fdw".into()]),
                options: Some(vec![
                    CreateServerOption {
                        key: "host".into(),
                        value: Ident {
                            value: "foo".to_string(),
                            quote_style: Some('\''),
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        },
                    },
                    CreateServerOption {
                        key: "dbname".into(),
                        value: Ident {
                            value: "foodb".to_string(),
                            quote_style: Some('\''),
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        },
                    },
                    CreateServerOption {
                        key: "port".into(),
                        value: Ident {
                            value: "5432".to_string(),
                            quote_style: Some('\''),
                            span: Span::empty(),
                        },
                    },
                ]),
            }
        )
    ];

    for (sql, expected) in test_cases {
        let Statement::CreateServer(stmt) = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) else {
            unreachable!()
        };
        assert_eq!(stmt, expected);
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_schema() {
    // Test RENAME operation
    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ALTER SCHEMA foo RENAME TO bar");
    match stmt {
        Statement::AlterSchema(AlterSchema { operations, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(
                operations,
                vec![AlterSchemaOperation::Rename {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec!["bar".into()])
                }]
            );
        }
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    // Test OWNER TO operations with different owner types
    for (owner_clause, expected_owner) in &[
        ("bar", Owner::Ident("bar".into())),
        ("CURRENT_ROLE", Owner::CurrentRole),
        ("CURRENT_USER", Owner::CurrentUser),
        ("SESSION_USER", Owner::SessionUser),
    ] {
        let sql = format!("ALTER SCHEMA foo OWNER TO {}", owner_clause);
        let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql);
        match stmt {
            Statement::AlterSchema(AlterSchema { operations, .. }) => {
                assert_eq!(
                    operations,
                    vec![AlterSchemaOperation::OwnerTo {
                        owner: expected_owner.clone()
                    }]
                );
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_foreign_key_match() {
    let test_cases = [
        ("MATCH FULL", ConstraintReferenceMatchKind::Full),
        ("MATCH SIMPLE", ConstraintReferenceMatchKind::Simple),
        ("MATCH PARTIAL", ConstraintReferenceMatchKind::Partial),
    ];

    for (match_clause, expected_kind) in test_cases {
        // Test column-level foreign key
        let sql = format!("CREATE TABLE t (id INT REFERENCES other_table (id) {match_clause})");
        let statement = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql);
        match statement {
            Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { columns, .. }) => {
                match &columns[0].options[0].option {
                    ColumnOption::ForeignKey(constraint) => {
                        assert_eq!(constraint.match_kind, Some(expected_kind));
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Expected ColumnOption::ForeignKey"),
                }
            }
            _ => unreachable!("{:?} should parse to Statement::CreateTable", sql),
        }

        // Test table-level foreign key constraint
        let sql = format!(
            "CREATE TABLE t (id INT, FOREIGN KEY (id) REFERENCES other_table(id) {match_clause})"
        );
        let statement = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql);
        match statement {
            Statement::CreateTable(CreateTable { constraints, .. }) => match &constraints[0] {
                TableConstraint::ForeignKey(constraint) => {
                    assert_eq!(constraint.match_kind, Some(expected_kind));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected TableConstraint::ForeignKey"),
            },
            _ => unreachable!("{:?} should parse to Statement::CreateTable", sql),
        }
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_foreign_key_match_with_actions() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE orders (order_id INT REFERENCES another_table (id) MATCH FULL ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, customer_id INT, CONSTRAINT fk_customer FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id) MATCH SIMPLE ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE)";

    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_operator() {
    let sql = "CREATE OPERATOR myschema.@@ (PROCEDURE = myschema.my_proc, LEFTARG = TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, RIGHTARG = VARCHAR(255), COMMUTATOR = schema.>, NEGATOR = schema.<=, RESTRICT = myschema.sel_func, JOIN = myschema.join_func, HASHES, MERGES)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::CreateOperator(CreateOperator {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("@@")]),
            function: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("my_proc")]),
            is_procedure: true,
            left_arg: Some(DataType::Timestamp(None, TimezoneInfo::WithTimeZone)),
            right_arg: Some(DataType::Varchar(Some(CharacterLength::IntegerLength {
                length: 255,
                unit: None
            }))),
            options: vec![
                OperatorOption::Commutator(ObjectName::from(vec![
                    Ident::new("schema"),
                    Ident::new(">")
                ])),
                OperatorOption::Negator(ObjectName::from(vec![
                    Ident::new("schema"),
                    Ident::new("<=")
                ])),
                OperatorOption::Restrict(Some(ObjectName::from(vec![
                    Ident::new("myschema"),
                    Ident::new("sel_func")
                ]))),
                OperatorOption::Join(Some(ObjectName::from(vec![
                    Ident::new("myschema"),
                    Ident::new("join_func")
                ]))),
                OperatorOption::Hashes,
                OperatorOption::Merges,
            ],
        })
    );

    for op_symbol in &[
        "-", "*", "/", "<", ">", "=", "<=", ">=", "<>", "~", "!", "@", "#", "%", "^", "&", "|",
        "<<", ">>", "&&",
    ] {
        assert_eq!(
            pg().verified_stmt(&format!("CREATE OPERATOR {op_symbol} (FUNCTION = f)")),
            Statement::CreateOperator(CreateOperator {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(*op_symbol)]),
                function: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("f")]),
                is_procedure: false,
                left_arg: None,
                right_arg: None,
                options: vec![],
            })
        );
    }

    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        "CREATE OPERATOR != (FUNCTION = func)",
        "CREATE OPERATOR <> (FUNCTION = func)",
    );

    for (name, expected_name) in [
        (
            "s1.+",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("s1"), Ident::new("+")]),
        ),
        (
            "s2.-",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("s2"), Ident::new("-")]),
        ),
        (
            "s1.s3.*",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("s1"), Ident::new("s3"), Ident::new("*")]),
        ),
    ] {
        match pg().verified_stmt(&format!("CREATE OPERATOR {name} (FUNCTION = f)")) {
            Statement::CreateOperator(CreateOperator { name, options, .. }) => {
                assert_eq!(name, expected_name);
                assert!(options.is_empty());
            }
            _ => unreachable!(),
        }
    }

    pg().one_statement_parses_to(
        "CREATE OPERATOR + (FUNCTION = f, COMMUTATOR = OPERATOR(>), NEGATOR = OPERATOR(>=))",
        "CREATE OPERATOR + (FUNCTION = f, COMMUTATOR = >, NEGATOR = >=)",
    );

    // Test all duplicate clause errors
    for field in &[
        "FUNCTION = f2",
        "PROCEDURE = p",
        "LEFTARG = INT4, LEFTARG = INT4",
        "RIGHTARG = INT4, RIGHTARG = INT4",
        "COMMUTATOR = -, COMMUTATOR = *",
        "NEGATOR = -, NEGATOR = *",
        "RESTRICT = f1, RESTRICT = f2",
        "JOIN = f1, JOIN = f2",
        "HASHES, HASHES",
        "MERGES, MERGES",
    ] {
        assert!(pg()
            .parse_sql_statements(&format!("CREATE OPERATOR + (FUNCTION = f, {field})"))
            .is_err());
    }

    // Test missing FUNCTION/PROCEDURE error
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("CREATE OPERATOR + (LEFTARG = INT4)")
        .is_err());

    // Test empty parameter list error
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE OPERATOR + ()").is_err());

    // Test nested empty parentheses error
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE OPERATOR > (()").is_err());
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements("CREATE OPERATOR > ())").is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_operator() {
    // Test DROP OPERATOR with NONE for prefix operator
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR ~ (NONE, BIT)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropOperator(DropOperator {
            if_exists: false,
            operators: vec![DropOperatorSignature {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("~")]),
                left_type: None,
                right_type: DataType::Bit(None),
            }],
            drop_behavior: None,
        })
    );

    for if_exist in [true, false] {
        for cascading in [
            None,
            Some(DropBehavior::Cascade),
            Some(DropBehavior::Restrict),
        ] {
            for op in &["<", ">", "<=", ">=", "<>", "||", "&&", "<<", ">>"] {
                let sql = format!(
                    "DROP OPERATOR{} {op} (INTEGER, INTEGER){}",
                    if if_exist { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
                    match cascading {
                        Some(cascading) => format!(" {cascading}"),
                        None => String::new(),
                    }
                );
                assert_eq!(
                    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
                    Statement::DropOperator(DropOperator {
                        if_exists: if_exist,
                        operators: vec![DropOperatorSignature {
                            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(*op)]),
                            left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                            right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                        }],
                        drop_behavior: cascading,
                    })
                );
            }
        }
    }

    // Test DROP OPERATOR with schema-qualified operator name
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR myschema.@@ (TEXT, TEXT)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropOperator(DropOperator {
            if_exists: false,
            operators: vec![DropOperatorSignature {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("@@")]),
                left_type: Some(DataType::Text),
                right_type: DataType::Text,
            }],
            drop_behavior: None,
        })
    );

    // Test DROP OPERATOR with multiple operators, IF EXISTS and CASCADE
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS + (INTEGER, INTEGER), - (INTEGER, INTEGER) CASCADE";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::DropOperator(DropOperator {
            if_exists: true,
            operators: vec![
                DropOperatorSignature {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("+")]),
                    left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                    right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                },
                DropOperatorSignature {
                    name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("-")]),
                    left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                    right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                }
            ],
            drop_behavior: Some(DropBehavior::Cascade),
        })
    );

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR with no operators
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR (INTEGER, INTEGER)";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS with no operators
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR IF EXISTS (INTEGER, INTEGER)";
    assert!(pg().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_operator() {
    use sqlparser::ast::{AlterOperator, AlterOperatorOperation, OperatorOption, Owner};

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... OWNER TO with different owner types
    for (owner_sql, owner_ast) in [
        ("joe", Owner::Ident(Ident::new("joe"))),
        ("CURRENT_USER", Owner::CurrentUser),
        ("CURRENT_ROLE", Owner::CurrentRole),
        ("SESSION_USER", Owner::SessionUser),
    ] {
        for (op_name, op_name_ast, left_type_sql, left_type_ast, right_type_sql, right_type_ast) in [
            (
                "+",
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("+")]),
                "INTEGER",
                Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                "INTEGER",
                DataType::Integer(None),
            ),
            (
                "~",
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("~")]),
                "NONE",
                None,
                "BIT",
                DataType::Bit(None),
            ),
            (
                "@@",
                ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("@@")]),
                "TEXT",
                Some(DataType::Text),
                "TEXT",
                DataType::Text,
            ),
        ] {
            let sql = format!(
                "ALTER OPERATOR {} ({}, {}) OWNER TO {}",
                op_name, left_type_sql, right_type_sql, owner_sql
            );
            assert_eq!(
                pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
                Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
                    name: op_name_ast.clone(),
                    left_type: left_type_ast.clone(),
                    right_type: right_type_ast.clone(),
                    operation: AlterOperatorOperation::OwnerTo(owner_ast.clone()),
                })
            );
        }
    }

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... SET SCHEMA
    for (op_name, op_name_ast, schema_name, schema_name_ast) in [
        (
            "+",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("+")]),
            "new_schema",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new_schema")]),
        ),
        (
            "myschema.@@",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("@@")]),
            "other_schema",
            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("other_schema")]),
        ),
    ] {
        let sql = format!(
            "ALTER OPERATOR {} (TEXT, TEXT) SET SCHEMA {}",
            op_name, schema_name
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
            Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
                name: op_name_ast,
                left_type: Some(DataType::Text),
                right_type: DataType::Text,
                operation: AlterOperatorOperation::SetSchema {
                    schema_name: schema_name_ast,
                },
            })
        );
    }

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... SET with RESTRICT and JOIN
    for (restrict_val, restrict_ast, join_val, join_ast) in [
        (
            "_int_contsel",
            Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("_int_contsel")])),
            "_int_contjoinsel",
            Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("_int_contjoinsel")])),
        ),
        (
            "NONE",
            None,
            "my_joinsel",
            Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_joinsel")])),
        ),
        (
            "my_sel",
            Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_sel")])),
            "NONE",
            None,
        ),
    ] {
        let sql = format!(
            "ALTER OPERATOR && (TEXT, TEXT) SET (RESTRICT = {}, JOIN = {})",
            restrict_val, join_val
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
            Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("&&")]),
                left_type: Some(DataType::Text),
                right_type: DataType::Text,
                operation: AlterOperatorOperation::Set {
                    options: vec![
                        OperatorOption::Restrict(restrict_ast),
                        OperatorOption::Join(join_ast),
                    ],
                },
            })
        );
    }

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... SET with COMMUTATOR and NEGATOR
    for (operator, commutator, negator) in [("&&", "&&", ">"), ("+", "+", "-"), ("<", "<", ">=")] {
        let sql = format!(
            "ALTER OPERATOR {} (INTEGER, INTEGER) SET (COMMUTATOR = {}, NEGATOR = {})",
            operator, commutator, negator
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
            Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(operator)]),
                left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                operation: AlterOperatorOperation::Set {
                    options: vec![
                        OperatorOption::Commutator(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(commutator)])),
                        OperatorOption::Negator(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(negator)])),
                    ],
                },
            })
        );
    }

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... SET with HASHES and MERGES (individually and combined)
    for (operator, options_sql, options_ast) in [
        ("=", "HASHES", vec![OperatorOption::Hashes]),
        ("<", "MERGES", vec![OperatorOption::Merges]),
        (
            "<=",
            "HASHES, MERGES",
            vec![OperatorOption::Hashes, OperatorOption::Merges],
        ),
    ] {
        let sql = format!(
            "ALTER OPERATOR {} (INTEGER, INTEGER) SET ({})",
            operator, options_sql
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
            Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new(operator)]),
                left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
                right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
                operation: AlterOperatorOperation::Set {
                    options: options_ast
                },
            })
        );
    }

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR ... SET with multiple options combined
    let sql =
        "ALTER OPERATOR + (INTEGER, INTEGER) SET (COMMUTATOR = +, NEGATOR = -, HASHES, MERGES)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperator(AlterOperator {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("+")]),
            left_type: Some(DataType::Integer(None)),
            right_type: DataType::Integer(None),
            operation: AlterOperatorOperation::Set {
                options: vec![
                    OperatorOption::Commutator(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("+")])),
                    OperatorOption::Negator(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("-")])),
                    OperatorOption::Hashes,
                    OperatorOption::Merges,
                ],
            },
        })
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_operator_family() {
    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::Add {
                items: vec![OperatorFamilyItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    operator_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("<")]),
                    op_types: vec![DataType::Int4(None), DataType::Int2(None)],
                    purpose: None,
                }],
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD OPERATOR with FOR SEARCH
    let sql =
        "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY text_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 @@ (TEXT, TEXT) FOR SEARCH";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("text_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::Add {
                items: vec![OperatorFamilyItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    operator_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("@@")]),
                    op_types: vec![DataType::Text, DataType::Text],
                    purpose: Some(OperatorPurpose::ForSearch),
                }],
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... ADD FUNCTION
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 btint42cmp(INT4, INT2)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::Add {
                items: vec![OperatorFamilyItem::Function {
                    support_number: 1,
                    op_types: None,
                    function_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("btint42cmp")]),
                    argument_types: vec![DataType::Int4(None), DataType::Int2(None)],
                }],
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP OPERATOR
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (INT4, INT2)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::Drop {
                items: vec![OperatorFamilyDropItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    op_types: vec![DataType::Int4(None), DataType::Int2(None)],
                }],
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... DROP FUNCTION
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY integer_ops USING btree DROP FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT2)";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::Drop {
                items: vec![OperatorFamilyDropItem::Function {
                    support_number: 1,
                    op_types: vec![DataType::Int4(None), DataType::Int2(None)],
                }],
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... RENAME TO
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY old_ops USING btree RENAME TO new_ops";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("old_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::RenameTo {
                new_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new_ops")]),
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... OWNER TO
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree OWNER TO joe";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::OwnerTo(Owner::Ident(Ident::new("joe"))),
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY ... SET SCHEMA
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree SET SCHEMA new_schema";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorFamily(AlterOperatorFamily {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorFamilyOperation::SetSchema {
                schema_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new_schema")]),
            },
        })
    );

    // Test error cases
    // Missing USING clause
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2)")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid operation
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree INVALID_OPERATION")
        .is_err());

    // Missing operator name in ADD OPERATOR
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing function name in ADD FUNCTION
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing parentheses in DROP OPERATOR
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 INT4, INT2")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid operator name (empty)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1  (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Invalid operator name (special characters)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 @#$ (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Negative strategy number
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR -1 < (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Non-integer strategy number
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1.5 < (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing closing parenthesis in operator types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing opening parenthesis in operator types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Empty operator types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < ()")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid data type (using punctuation)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (@#$%, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Incomplete FOR clause
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Invalid FOR clause keyword
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR INVALID"
        )
        .is_err());

    // FOR ORDER BY without sort family
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR ORDER BY"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing function name in ADD FUNCTION
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Invalid function name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 123invalid(INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Negative support number
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION -1 func(INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Non-integer support number
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1.5 func(INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing closing parenthesis in function operator types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT2 func()"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing closing parenthesis in function arguments
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 func(INT4, INT2"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Invalid data type in function arguments
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 func(@#$%, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // DROP OPERATOR with FOR clause (not allowed)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (INT4, INT2) FOR SEARCH"
        )
        .is_err());

    // DROP FUNCTION with function arguments (not allowed)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT2) func(INT4)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Multiple ADD items with error in middle
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2), INVALID_ITEM"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Multiple DROP items with error in middle
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (INT4, INT2), INVALID_ITEM"
        )
        .is_err());

    // RENAME TO with invalid new name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree RENAME TO 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // OWNER TO with invalid owner
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree OWNER TO 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // SET SCHEMA with invalid schema name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree SET SCHEMA 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // Schema-qualified operator family name with invalid schema
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY 123invalid.my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing operator family name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2)")
        .is_err());

    // Extra tokens at end
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) EXTRA"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Incomplete statement
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD")
        .is_err());

    // Very long numbers
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 999999999999999999999 < (INT4, INT2)")
        .is_err());

    // Multiple FOR clauses
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR SEARCH FOR ORDER BY sort_family")
        .is_err());

    // FOR SEARCH with extra tokens
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR SEARCH EXTRA")
        .is_err());

    // FOR ORDER BY with invalid sort family
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2) FOR ORDER BY 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // Function with empty operator types but missing function args parens
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 () func")
        .is_err());

    // Function with mismatched parentheses
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree ADD FUNCTION 1 (INT4 func(INT2"
        )
        .is_err());

    // DROP with empty types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 ()")
        .is_err());

    // DROP FUNCTION with empty types
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY my_ops USING btree DROP FUNCTION 1 ()")
        .is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_operator_class() {
    // Test ALTER OPERATOR CLASS ... RENAME TO
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree RENAME TO integer_ops";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorClass(AlterOperatorClass {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorClassOperation::RenameTo {
                new_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            },
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR CLASS ... OWNER TO
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree OWNER TO joe";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorClass(AlterOperatorClass {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorClassOperation::OwnerTo(Owner::Ident(Ident::new("joe"))),
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR CLASS ... OWNER TO CURRENT_USER
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree OWNER TO CURRENT_USER";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorClass(AlterOperatorClass {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorClassOperation::OwnerTo(Owner::CurrentUser),
        })
    );

    // Test ALTER OPERATOR CLASS ... SET SCHEMA
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree SET SCHEMA new_schema";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorClass(AlterOperatorClass {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorClassOperation::SetSchema {
                schema_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("new_schema")]),
            },
        })
    );

    // Test with schema-qualified operator class name
    let sql = "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS myschema.int_ops USING btree RENAME TO integer_ops";
    assert_eq!(
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql),
        Statement::AlterOperatorClass(AlterOperatorClass {
            name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("int_ops")]),
            using: Ident::new("btree"),
            operation: AlterOperatorClassOperation::RenameTo {
                new_name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("integer_ops")]),
            },
        })
    );

    // Test with different index methods
    for index_method in &["hash", "gist", "gin", "spgist", "brin"] {
        let sql = format!(
            "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING {} RENAME TO integer_ops",
            index_method
        );
        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql);
    }

    // Test error cases
    // Missing USING clause
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops RENAME TO integer_ops")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid operation
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree INVALID_OPERATION")
        .is_err());

    // Missing new name for RENAME TO
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree RENAME TO")
        .is_err());

    // Missing owner for OWNER TO
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree OWNER TO")
        .is_err());

    // Missing schema for SET SCHEMA
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree SET SCHEMA")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid new name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree RENAME TO 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid owner
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree OWNER TO 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid schema name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree SET SCHEMA 123invalid")
        .is_err());

    // Missing operator class name
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS USING btree RENAME TO integer_ops")
        .is_err());

    // Extra tokens at end
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree RENAME TO integer_ops EXTRA"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Missing index method
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops RENAME TO integer_ops")
        .is_err());

    // Invalid index method
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING 123invalid RENAME TO integer_ops")
        .is_err());

    // Trying to use ADD operation (only valid for OPERATOR FAMILY)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree ADD OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());

    // Trying to use DROP operation (only valid for OPERATOR FAMILY)
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "ALTER OPERATOR CLASS int_ops USING btree DROP OPERATOR 1 (INT4, INT2)"
        )
        .is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_alter_function_and_aggregate() {
    for (sql, expected) in [
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) RENAME TO alt_func3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(INT) RENAME TO alt_agg2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(int) RENAME TO alt_agg3",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg1(INT) RENAME TO alt_agg3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(INT) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(INT) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_agg2(INT) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_order(int ORDER BY text) RENAME TO alt_order2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_order(INT ORDER BY TEXT) RENAME TO alt_order2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_order_only(ORDER BY int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_order_only(ORDER BY INT) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_star(*) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
            "ALTER AGGREGATE alt_star(*) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
        ),
    ] {
        let statement = pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, expected);
        assert!(matches!(
            statement,
            Statement::AlterFunction(AlterFunction {
                kind: AlterFunctionKind::Aggregate,
                ..
            })
        ));
    }

    for (sql, expected) in [
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func2",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(INT) RENAME TO alt_func2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(int) RENAME TO alt_func3",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func1(INT) RENAME TO alt_func3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) OWNER TO regress_alter_generic_user3",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp1",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp1",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SET SCHEMA alt_nsp2",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) NO DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) NO DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2 IMMUTABLE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2 IMMUTABLE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) IMMUTABLE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) IMMUTABLE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) STABLE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) STABLE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) VOLATILE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) VOLATILE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) CALLED ON NULL INPUT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) CALLED ON NULL INPUT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) STRICT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) STRICT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) LEAKPROOF",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) LEAKPROOF",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) NOT LEAKPROOF",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) NOT LEAKPROOF",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SECURITY DEFINER",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SECURITY DEFINER",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) EXTERNAL SECURITY INVOKER",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) EXTERNAL SECURITY INVOKER",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) PARALLEL SAFE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) PARALLEL SAFE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) PARALLEL RESTRICTED",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) PARALLEL RESTRICTED",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) PARALLEL UNSAFE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) PARALLEL UNSAFE",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) COST 3.5",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) COST 3.5",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) ROWS 42",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) ROWS 42",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SUPPORT pg_catalog.alt_support",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SUPPORT pg_catalog.alt_support",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET work_mem TO DEFAULT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SET work_mem = DEFAULT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET work_mem FROM CURRENT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SET work_mem FROM CURRENT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) SET search_path = pg_catalog, public",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) SET search_path = pg_catalog, public",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RESET work_mem",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) RESET work_mem",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) RESET ALL",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) RESET ALL",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(int) IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE RESTRICT",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_func2(INT) IMMUTABLE STRICT PARALLEL SAFE RESTRICT",
        ),
        (
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_variadic(VARIADIC int[]) STABLE",
            "ALTER FUNCTION alt_variadic(VARIADIC INT[]) STABLE",
        ),
    ] {
        let statement = pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(sql, expected);
        assert!(matches!(
            statement,
            Statement::AlterFunction(AlterFunction {
                kind: AlterFunctionKind::Function,
                ..
            })
        ));
    }

    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1")
        .is_err());
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) NO DEPENDS ON EXTENSION ext1")
        .is_err());
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(OUT INT) OWNER TO joe")
        .is_err());
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INOUT INT) OWNER TO joe")
        .is_err());
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT = 1) OWNER TO joe")
        .is_err());

    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements("ALTER AGGREGATE alt_func1(INT) IMMUTABLE")
        .is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_operator_family() {
    for if_exists in [true, false] {
        for drop_behavior in [
            None,
            Some(DropBehavior::Cascade),
            Some(DropBehavior::Restrict),
        ] {
            for index_method in &["btree", "hash", "gist", "gin", "spgist", "brin"] {
                for (names_str, names_vec) in [
                    (
                        "float_ops",
                        vec![ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("float_ops")])],
                    ),
                    (
                        "myschema.custom_ops",
                        vec![ObjectName::from(vec![
                            Ident::new("myschema"),
                            Ident::new("custom_ops"),
                        ])],
                    ),
                    (
                        "ops1, ops2, schema.ops3",
                        vec![
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("ops1")]),
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("ops2")]),
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("schema"), Ident::new("ops3")]),
                        ],
                    ),
                ] {
                    let sql = format!(
                        "DROP OPERATOR FAMILY{} {} USING {}{}",
                        if if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
                        names_str,
                        index_method,
                        match drop_behavior {
                            Some(behavior) => format!(" {}", behavior),
                            None => String::new(),
                        }
                    );
                    assert_eq!(
                        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
                        Statement::DropOperatorFamily(DropOperatorFamily {
                            if_exists,
                            names: names_vec,
                            using: Ident::new(*index_method),
                            drop_behavior,
                        })
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR FAMILY with no names
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR FAMILY USING btree";
    assert!(pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS with no names
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR FAMILY IF EXISTS USING btree";
    assert!(pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_drop_operator_class() {
    for if_exists in [true, false] {
        for drop_behavior in [
            None,
            Some(DropBehavior::Cascade),
            Some(DropBehavior::Restrict),
        ] {
            for index_method in &["btree", "hash", "gist", "gin", "spgist", "brin"] {
                for (names_str, names_vec) in [
                    (
                        "widget_ops",
                        vec![ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("widget_ops")])],
                    ),
                    (
                        "myschema.int4_ops",
                        vec![ObjectName::from(vec![
                            Ident::new("myschema"),
                            Ident::new("int4_ops"),
                        ])],
                    ),
                    (
                        "ops1, ops2, schema.ops3",
                        vec![
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("ops1")]),
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("ops2")]),
                            ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("schema"), Ident::new("ops3")]),
                        ],
                    ),
                ] {
                    let sql = format!(
                        "DROP OPERATOR CLASS{} {} USING {}{}",
                        if if_exists { " IF EXISTS" } else { "" },
                        names_str,
                        index_method,
                        match drop_behavior {
                            Some(behavior) => format!(" {}", behavior),
                            None => String::new(),
                        }
                    );
                    assert_eq!(
                        pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql),
                        Statement::DropOperatorClass(DropOperatorClass {
                            if_exists,
                            names: names_vec.clone(),
                            using: Ident::new(*index_method),
                            drop_behavior,
                        })
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR CLASS with no names
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR CLASS USING btree";
    assert!(pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());

    // Test error: DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS with no names
    let sql = "DROP OPERATOR CLASS IF EXISTS USING btree";
    assert!(pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql).is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_operator_family() {
    for index_method in &["btree", "hash", "gist", "gin", "spgist", "brin"] {
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!(
                "CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY my_family USING {index_method}"
            )),
            Statement::CreateOperatorFamily(CreateOperatorFamily {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_family")]),
                using: Ident::new(*index_method),
            })
        );
        assert_eq!(
            pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&format!(
                "CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY myschema.test_family USING {index_method}"
            )),
            Statement::CreateOperatorFamily(CreateOperatorFamily {
                name: ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("test_family")]),
                using: Ident::new(*index_method),
            })
        );
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_operator_class() {
    // Test all combinations of DEFAULT flag and FAMILY clause with different name qualifications
    for (is_default, default_clause) in [(false, ""), (true, "DEFAULT ")] {
        for (has_family, family_clause) in [(false, ""), (true, " FAMILY int4_family")] {
            for (class_name, expected_name) in [
                ("int4_ops", ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int4_ops")])),
                (
                    "myschema.test_ops",
                    ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("myschema"), Ident::new("test_ops")]),
                ),
            ] {
                let sql = format!(
                    "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS {class_name} {default_clause}FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree{family_clause} AS OPERATOR 1 <"
                );
                match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(&sql) {
                    Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass {
                        name,
                        default,
                        ref for_type,
                        ref using,
                        ref family,
                        ref items,
                    }) => {
                        assert_eq!(name, expected_name);
                        assert_eq!(default, is_default);
                        assert_eq!(for_type, &DataType::Int4(None));
                        assert_eq!(using, &Ident::new("btree"));
                        assert_eq!(
                            family,
                            &if has_family {
                                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("int4_family")]))
                            } else {
                                None
                            }
                        );
                        assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Test comprehensive operator class with all fields
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OPERATOR CLASS CAS_btree_ops DEFAULT FOR TYPE CAS USING btree FAMILY CAS_btree_ops AS OPERATOR 1 <, OPERATOR 2 <=, OPERATOR 3 =, OPERATOR 4 >=, OPERATOR 5 >, FUNCTION 1 cas_cmp(CAS, CAS)") {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass {
            name,
            default: true,
            ref for_type,
            ref using,
            ref family,
            ref items,
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(name, ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("CAS_btree_ops")]));
            assert_eq!(for_type, &DataType::Custom(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("CAS")]), vec![]));
            assert_eq!(using, &Ident::new("btree"));
            assert_eq!(family, &Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("CAS_btree_ops")])));
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 6);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test operator with argument types
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING gist AS OPERATOR 1 < (INT4, INT4)",
    ) {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass { ref items, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    ref operator_name,
                    op_types:
                        Some(OperatorArgTypes {
                            left: DataType::Int4(None),
                            right: DataType::Int4(None),
                        }),
                    purpose: None,
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(operator_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("<")]));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Operator item with arg types"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test operator FOR SEARCH
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING gist AS OPERATOR 1 < FOR SEARCH",
    ) {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass { ref items, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    ref operator_name,
                    op_types: None,
                    purpose: Some(OperatorPurpose::ForSearch),
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(operator_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("<")]));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Operator item FOR SEARCH"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test operator FOR ORDER BY
    match pg().verified_stmt("CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING gist AS OPERATOR 2 <<-> FOR ORDER BY float_ops") {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass {
            ref items,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 2,
                    ref operator_name,
                    op_types: None,
                    purpose: Some(OperatorPurpose::ForOrderBy { ref sort_family }),
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(operator_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("<<->")]));
                    assert_eq!(sort_family, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("float_ops")]));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Operator item FOR ORDER BY"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test function with operator class arg types
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree AS FUNCTION 1 (INT4, INT4) btcmp(INT4, INT4)") {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass {
            ref items,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Function {
                    support_number: 1,
                    op_types: Some(_),
                    ref function_name,
                    ref argument_types,
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(function_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("btcmp")]));
                    assert_eq!(argument_types.len(), 2);
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Function item with op_types"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test function with no arguments (empty parentheses normalizes to no parentheses)
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree AS FUNCTION 1 my_func()",
        "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree AS FUNCTION 1 my_func",
    );
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree AS FUNCTION 1 my_func",
    ) {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass { ref items, .. }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 1);
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Function {
                    support_number: 1,
                    op_types: None,
                    ref function_name,
                    ref argument_types,
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(
                        function_name,
                        &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("my_func")])
                    );
                    assert_eq!(argument_types.len(), 0);
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Function item without op_types and no arguments"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test multiple items including STORAGE
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("CREATE OPERATOR CLASS gist_ops FOR TYPE geometry USING gist AS OPERATOR 1 <<, FUNCTION 1 gist_consistent(internal, geometry, INT4), STORAGE box") {
        Statement::CreateOperatorClass(CreateOperatorClass {
            ref items,
            ..
        }) => {
            assert_eq!(items.len(), 3);
            // Check operator item
            match &items[0] {
                OperatorClassItem::Operator {
                    strategy_number: 1,
                    ref operator_name,
                    ..
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(operator_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("<<")]));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Operator item"),
            }
            // Check function item
            match &items[1] {
                OperatorClassItem::Function {
                    support_number: 1,
                    ref function_name,
                    ref argument_types,
                    ..
                } => {
                    assert_eq!(function_name, &ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("gist_consistent")]));
                    assert_eq!(argument_types.len(), 3);
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Function item"),
            }
            // Check storage item
            match &items[2] {
                OperatorClassItem::Storage { ref storage_type } => {
                    assert_eq!(storage_type, &DataType::Custom(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("box")]), vec![]));
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected Storage item"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateOperatorClass statement"),
    }

    // Test nested empty parentheses error in function arguments
    assert!(pg()
        .parse_sql_statements(
            "CREATE OPERATOR CLASS test_ops FOR TYPE INT4 USING btree AS FUNCTION 1 cas_cmp(()"
        )
        .is_err());
}

#[test]
fn parse_identifiers_semicolon_handling() {
    let statement = "SHOW search_path; SELECT 1";
    pg_and_generic().statements_parse_to(statement, statement);
    let statement = "SHOW search_path; SHOW ALL; SHOW ALL";
    pg_and_generic().statements_parse_to(statement, statement);
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_range() {
    // RANGE partition with FROM ... TO
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE measurement_y2006m02 PARTITION OF measurement FOR VALUES FROM ('2006-02-01') TO ('2006-03-01')";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("measurement_y2006m02", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("measurement")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::From { from, to }) => {
                    assert_eq!(1, from.len());
                    assert_eq!(1, to.len());
                    match &from[0] {
                        PartitionBoundValue::Expr(Expr::Value(v)) => {
                            assert_eq!("'2006-02-01'", v.to_string());
                        }
                        _ => panic!("Expected Expr value in from"),
                    }
                    match &to[0] {
                        PartitionBoundValue::Expr(Expr::Value(v)) => {
                            assert_eq!("'2006-03-01'", v.to_string());
                        }
                        _ => panic!("Expected Expr value in to"),
                    }
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::From"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_range_with_minvalue_maxvalue() {
    // RANGE partition with MINVALUE/MAXVALUE
    let sql =
        "CREATE TABLE orders_old PARTITION OF orders FOR VALUES FROM (MINVALUE) TO ('2020-01-01')";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("orders_old", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("orders")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::From { from, to }) => {
                    assert_eq!(PartitionBoundValue::MinValue, from[0]);
                    match &to[0] {
                        PartitionBoundValue::Expr(Expr::Value(v)) => {
                            assert_eq!("'2020-01-01'", v.to_string());
                        }
                        _ => panic!("Expected Expr value in to"),
                    }
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::From"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }

    // With MAXVALUE
    let sql =
        "CREATE TABLE orders_new PARTITION OF orders FOR VALUES FROM ('2024-01-01') TO (MAXVALUE)";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => match create_table.for_values {
            Some(ForValues::From { from, to }) => {
                match &from[0] {
                    PartitionBoundValue::Expr(Expr::Value(v)) => {
                        assert_eq!("'2024-01-01'", v.to_string());
                    }
                    _ => panic!("Expected Expr value in from"),
                }
                assert_eq!(PartitionBoundValue::MaxValue, to[0]);
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::From"),
        },
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_list() {
    // LIST partition
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE orders_us PARTITION OF orders FOR VALUES IN ('US', 'CA', 'MX')";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("orders_us", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("orders")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::In(values)) => {
                    assert_eq!(3, values.len());
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::In"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_hash() {
    // HASH partition
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE orders_p0 PARTITION OF orders FOR VALUES WITH (MODULUS 4, REMAINDER 0)";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("orders_p0", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("orders")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::With { modulus, remainder }) => {
                    assert_eq!(4, modulus);
                    assert_eq!(0, remainder);
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::With"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_default() {
    // DEFAULT partition
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE orders_default PARTITION OF orders DEFAULT";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("orders_default", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("orders")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            assert_eq!(Some(ForValues::Default), create_table.for_values);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_multicolumn_range() {
    // Multi-column RANGE partition
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE sales_2023_q1 PARTITION OF sales FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-01-01', 1) TO ('2023-04-01', 1)";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("sales_2023_q1", create_table.name.to_string());
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::From { from, to }) => {
                    assert_eq!(2, from.len());
                    assert_eq!(2, to.len());
                }
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::From"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_with_constraint() {
    // With table constraint (not column constraint which has different syntax in PARTITION OF)
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE orders_2023 PARTITION OF orders (\
CONSTRAINT check_date CHECK (order_date >= '2023-01-01')\
) FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-01-01') TO ('2024-01-01')";
    match pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(sql) {
        Statement::CreateTable(create_table) => {
            assert_eq!("orders_2023", create_table.name.to_string());
            assert_eq!(
                Some(ObjectName::from(vec![Ident::new("orders")])),
                create_table.partition_of
            );
            // Check that table constraint was parsed
            assert_eq!(1, create_table.constraints.len());
            match create_table.for_values {
                Some(ForValues::From { .. }) => {}
                _ => panic!("Expected ForValues::From"),
            }
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected CreateTable"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_create_table_partition_of_errors() {
    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("FOR VALUES or DEFAULT"),
        "Expected error about FOR VALUES, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent WITH (fillfactor = 70)";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("FOR VALUES or DEFAULT"),
        "Expected error about FOR VALUES, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent FOR VALUES RANGE (1, 10)";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("IN, FROM, or WITH"),
        "Expected error about invalid keyword after FOR VALUES, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent FOR VALUES FROM (1)";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("TO"),
        "Expected error about missing TO clause, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent FOR VALUES IN ()";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("at least one value"),
        "Expected error about empty value list in IN clause, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent FOR VALUES FROM () TO (10)";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("at least one value"),
        "Expected error about empty FROM list, got: {err}"
    );

    let sql = "CREATE TABLE p PARTITION OF parent FOR VALUES FROM (1) TO ()";
    let result = pg_and_generic().parse_sql_statements(sql);
    assert!(result.is_err());
    let err = result.unwrap_err().to_string();
    assert!(
        err.contains("at least one value"),
        "Expected error about empty TO list, got: {err}"
    );
}

#[test]
fn parse_pg_analyze() {
    // Bare ANALYZE
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ANALYZE");

    // ANALYZE with table name
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ANALYZE t");

    // ANALYZE with column specification
    pg_and_generic().verified_stmt("ANALYZE t (col1, col2)");

    // Verify AST for column specification
    let stmt = pg().verified_stmt("ANALYZE t (col1, col2)");
    match &stmt {
        Statement::Analyze(analyze) => {
            assert_eq!(analyze.table_name.as_ref().unwrap().to_string(), "t");
            assert_eq!(analyze.columns.len(), 2);
            assert_eq!(analyze.columns[0].to_string(), "col1");
            assert_eq!(analyze.columns[1].to_string(), "col2");
            assert!(!analyze.for_columns);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected Analyze, got: {stmt:?}"),
    }
}

#[test]
fn parse_lock_table() {
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        "LOCK public.widgets IN EXCLUSIVE MODE",
        "LOCK TABLE public.widgets IN EXCLUSIVE MODE",
    );
    pg_and_generic().one_statement_parses_to(
        "LOCK TABLE public.widgets NOWAIT",
        "LOCK TABLE public.widgets NOWAIT",
    );

    let stmt = pg_and_generic().verified_stmt(
        "LOCK TABLE ONLY public.widgets, analytics.events * IN SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE MODE NOWAIT",
    );
    match stmt {
        Statement::Lock(lock) => {
            assert_eq!(lock.tables.len(), 2);
            assert_eq!(lock.tables[0].name.to_string(), "public.widgets");
            assert!(lock.tables[0].only);
            assert!(!lock.tables[0].has_asterisk);
            assert_eq!(lock.tables[1].name.to_string(), "analytics.events");
            assert!(!lock.tables[1].only);
            assert!(lock.tables[1].has_asterisk);
            assert_eq!(lock.lock_mode, Some(LockTableMode::ShareRowExclusive));
            assert!(lock.nowait);
        }
        _ => panic!("Expected Lock, got: {stmt:?}"),
    }

    let lock_modes = [
        ("ACCESS SHARE", LockTableMode::AccessShare),
        ("ROW SHARE", LockTableMode::RowShare),
        ("ROW EXCLUSIVE", LockTableMode::RowExclusive),
        (
            "SHARE UPDATE EXCLUSIVE",
            LockTableMode::ShareUpdateExclusive,
        ),
        ("SHARE", LockTableMode::Share),
        ("SHARE ROW EXCLUSIVE", LockTableMode::ShareRowExclusive),
        ("EXCLUSIVE", LockTableMode::Exclusive),
        ("ACCESS EXCLUSIVE", LockTableMode::AccessExclusive),
    ];

    for (mode_sql, expected_mode) in lock_modes {
        let stmt = pg_and_generic()
            .verified_stmt(&format!("LOCK TABLE public.widgets IN {mode_sql} MODE"));
        match stmt {
            Statement::Lock(lock) => {
                assert_eq!(lock.tables.len(), 1);
                assert_eq!(lock.tables[0].name.to_string(), "public.widgets");
                assert!(!lock.tables[0].only);
                assert!(!lock.tables[0].has_asterisk);
                assert_eq!(lock.lock_mode, Some(expected_mode));
                assert!(!lock.nowait);
            }
            _ => panic!("Expected Lock, got: {stmt:?}"),
        }
    }
}