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docs/relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/odbc-api-implementation-details.md

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- Thread safety depends on how the application configures the driver and Driver Manager.
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- To reduce connection overhead, enable connection pooling at either level.
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## ODBC API reference (table layout)
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## ODBC API reference
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The following table lists the available ODBC API functions documented for the SQL Server Native Client driver. Each entry links to its corresponding detailed reference page.
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The following sections group the ODBC API functions by task. Each entry links to the detailed reference page for the SQL Server Native Client driver.
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### Connection and data source
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Use these functions to establish, configure, and manage connections to SQL Server.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLConnect](sqlconnect.md) | Establish a connection to a data source using a DSN, user ID, and password. |
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| [SQLDriverConnect](sqldriverconnect.md) | Connect using a connection string with driver-specific keywords. |
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| [SQLBrowseConnect](sqlbrowseconnect.md) | Discover connection attributes interactively to build a connection string. |
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| [SQLConfigDataSource](sqlconfigdatasource.md) | Create, modify, or delete data source names (DSNs) programmatically. |
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| [SQLDrivers](sqldrivers.md) | List all installed ODBC drivers and their attributes. |
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| [SQLGetConnectAttr](sqlgetconnectattr.md) | Retrieve the current value of a connection attribute. |
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| [SQLSetConnectAttr](sqlsetconnectattr.md) | Configure connection behavior such as timeouts and transaction isolation. |
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### Execute SQL statements
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Use these functions to prepare, execute, and manage SQL statements.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLExecDirect](sqlexecdirect.md) | Execute a SQL statement immediately without preparation. |
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| [SQLExecute](sqlexecute.md) | Execute a previously prepared SQL statement. |
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| [SQLCancel](sqlcancel.md) | Cancel an in-progress statement execution. |
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| [SQLNativeSql](sqlnativesql.md) | Translate ODBC SQL syntax to the driver's native SQL dialect. |
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| [SQLEndTran](sqlendtran.md) | Commit or roll back a transaction on a connection or environment. |
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### Bind parameters and columns
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Use these functions to bind application variables to SQL parameters and result set columns.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLBindParameter](sqlbindparameter.md) | Bind an application buffer to a SQL statement parameter marker. |
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| [SQLBindCol](sqlbindcol.md) | Bind an application buffer to a result set column. |
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| [SQLParamData](sqlparamdata.md) | Get the next parameter that needs data during data-at-execution operations. |
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| [SQLPutData](sqlputdata.md) | Send parameter data in chunks during statement execution. |
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| [SQLDescribeParam](sqldescribeparam.md) | Retrieve the data type and size of a parameter marker. |
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| [SQLNumParams](sqlnumparams.md) | Count the number of parameters in a prepared statement. |
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### Fetch and process results
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Use these functions to retrieve data from result sets and process query results.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLFetch](sqlfetch.md) | Fetch the next rowset of data and return bound column values. |
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| [SQLFetchScroll](sqlfetchscroll.md) | Fetch a rowset at an absolute or relative position in the result set. |
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| [SQLGetData](sqlgetdata.md) | Retrieve data for a single unbound column or large data in chunks. |
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| [SQLMoreResults](sqlmoreresults.md) | Move to the next result set when a statement returns multiple results. |
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| [SQLRowCount](sqlrowcount.md) | Get the number of rows affected by INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements. |
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| [SQLCloseCursor](sqlclosecursor.md) | Close the cursor and discard pending results. |
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| [SQLGetCursorName](sqlgetcursorname.md) | Retrieve the name associated with a statement's cursor. |
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### Discover schema and metadata
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Use these functions to query database schema information such as tables, columns, and keys.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLTables](sqltables.md) | List tables, views, and other table-like objects in the data source. |
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| [SQLColumns](sqlcolumns.md) | List columns and their attributes for specified tables. |
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| [SQLPrimaryKeys](sqlprimarykeys.md) | Retrieve the primary key columns for a table. |
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| [SQLForeignKeys](sqlforeignkeys.md) | List foreign keys for a table or foreign keys in other tables that reference it. |
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| [SQLSpecialColumns](sqlspecialcolumns.md) | Identify columns that uniquely identify a row or update automatically. |
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| [SQLStatistics](sqlstatistics.md) | Retrieve index information and table statistics. |
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| [SQLProcedures](sqlprocedures.md) | List stored procedures available in the data source. |
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| [SQLProcedureColumns](sqlprocedurecolumns.md) | Describe input/output parameters and result columns for stored procedures. |
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### Column and result set metadata
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Use these functions to examine the structure of result sets and column attributes.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLDescribeCol](sqldescribecol.md) | Get the column name, type, size, and nullability for a result column. |
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| [SQLColAttribute](sqlcolattribute.md) | Retrieve a specific attribute of a result set column. |
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| [SQLNumResultCols](sqlnumresultcols.md) | Count the number of columns in a result set. |
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| [SQLGetTypeInfo](sqlgettypeinfo.md) | List the SQL data types supported by the data source. |
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### Privileges and security
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Use these functions to retrieve permission information for database objects.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLTablePrivileges](sqltableprivileges.md) | List privileges granted on tables in the data source. |
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| [SQLColumnPrivileges](sqlcolumnprivileges.md) | List privileges granted on specific columns of a table. |
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### Environment and statement attributes
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Use these functions to configure ODBC environment and statement behavior.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLSetEnvAttr](sqlsetenvattr.md) | Set environment attributes such as ODBC version and connection pooling. |
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| [SQLGetStmtAttr](sqlgetstmtattr.md) | Retrieve the current value of a statement attribute. |
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| [SQLSetStmtAttr](sqlsetstmtattr.md) | Configure statement behavior such as cursor type and query timeout. |
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### Descriptors
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Use these functions to directly manipulate descriptor records for advanced parameter and column handling.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLGetDescField](sqlgetdescfield.md) | Retrieve a single field from a descriptor record. |
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| [SQLSetDescField](sqlsetdescfield.md) | Set a single field in a descriptor record. |
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| [SQLSetDescRec](sqlsetdescrec.md) | Set multiple fields in a descriptor record with a single call. |
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### Diagnostics and driver information
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Use these functions to retrieve error information and query driver capabilities.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLGetDiagField](sqlgetdiagfield.md) | Retrieve a diagnostic field from an environment, connection, or statement. |
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| [SQLGetInfo](sqlgetinfo.md) | Get general information about the driver and data source capabilities. |
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| [SQLGetFunctions](sqlgetfunctions.md) | Determine which ODBC functions the driver supports. |
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### Resource cleanup
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Use these functions to release handles and free resources.
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| Function | Description |
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| --- | --- |
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| [SQLBindCol](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlbindcol.md) | Bind application variables to result columns. |
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| [SQLBindParameter](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlbindparameter.md) | Bind application variables to SQL statement parameters. |
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| [SQLBrowseConnect](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlbrowseconnect.md) | Build connection strings interactively. |
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| [SQLCancel](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlcancel.md) | Cancel statement execution. |
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| [SQLCloseCursor](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlclosecursor.md) | Close an open cursor. |
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| [SQLColAttribute](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlcolattribute.md) | Retrieve column metadata. |
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| [SQLColumnPrivileges](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlcolumnprivileges.md) | Retrieve privileges for table columns. |
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| [SQLColumns](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlcolumns.md) | Retrieve column metadata for tables. |
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| [SQLConfigDataSource](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlconfigdatasource.md) | Configure DSNs. |
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| [SQLConnect](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlconnect.md) | Connect to a data source. |
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| [SQLDescribeCol](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqldescribecol.md) | Retrieve column descriptions. |
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| [SQLDescribeParam](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqldescribeparam.md) | Retrieve SQL parameter metadata. |
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| [SQLDriverConnect](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqldriverconnect.md) | Connect using a full or partial connection string. |
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| [SQLDrivers](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqldrivers.md) | Enumerate installed ODBC drivers. |
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| [SQLEndTran](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlendtran.md) | Commit or roll back transactions. |
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| [SQLExecDirect](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlexecdirect.md) | Execute SQL directly. |
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| [SQLExecute](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlexecute.md) | Execute prepared SQL statements. |
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| [SQLFetch](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlfetch.md) | Fetch result rows sequentially. |
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| [SQLFetchScroll](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlfetchscroll.md) | Fetch rows using scrollable cursors. |
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| [SQLForeignKeys](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlforeignkeys.md) | Retrieve foreign key information. |
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| [SQLFreeHandle](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlfreehandle.md) | Free an ODBC handle. |
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| [SQLFreeStmt](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlfreestmt.md) | Free resources associated with a statement. |
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| [SQLGetConnectAttr](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetconnectattr.md) | Retrieve connection attributes. |
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| [SQLGetCursorName](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetcursorname.md) | Retrieve the name of a cursor. |
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| [SQLGetData](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetdata.md) | Retrieve data for a result column. |
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| [SQLGetDescField](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetdescfield.md) | Retrieve descriptor fields. |
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| [SQLGetDiagField](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetdiagfield.md) | Retrieve detailed diagnostic information. |
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| [SQLGetFunctions](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetfunctions.md) | Determine which functions a driver supports. |
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| [SQLGetInfo](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetinfo.md) | Retrieve driver-specific information. |
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| [SQLGetStmtAttr](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgetstmtattr.md) | Retrieve statement attributes. |
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| [SQLGetTypeInfo](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlgettypeinfo.md) | Retrieve supported SQL data types. |
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| [SQLMoreResults](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlmoreresults.md) | Process multiple result sets. |
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| [SQLNativeSql](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlnativesql.md) | Convert SQL statements to the driver's native SQL dialect. |
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| [SQLNumParams](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlnumparams.md) | Return the number of parameters in a prepared statement. |
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| [SQLNumResultCols](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlnumresultcols.md) | Return the number of result columns. |
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| [SQLParamData](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlparamdata.md) | Retrieve next parameter in a data-at-execution operation. |
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| [SQLPrimaryKeys](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlprimarykeys.md) | Retrieve primary key information. |
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| [SQLProcedureColumns](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlprocedurecolumns.md) | Retrieve stored procedure parameter metadata. |
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| [SQLProcedures](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlprocedures.md) | Retrieve stored procedure metadata. |
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| [SQLPutData](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlputdata.md) | Send parameter data at execution time. |
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| [SQLRowCount](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlrowcount.md) | Retrieve number of rows affected by a statement. |
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| [SQLSetConnectAttr](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlsetconnectattr.md) | Set connection attributes. |
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| [SQLSetDescField](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlsetdescfield.md) | Set descriptor fields. |
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| [SQLSetDescRec](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlsetdescrec.md) | Set descriptor records. |
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| [SQLSetEnvAttr](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlsetenvattr.md) | Set environment attributes. |
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| [SQLSetStmtAttr](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlsetstmtattr.md) | Set statement attributes. |
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| [SQLSpecialColumns](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlspecialcolumns.md) | Retrieve special column information. |
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| [SQLStatistics](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqlstatistics.md) | Retrieve index and statistic information. |
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| [SQLTablePrivileges](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqltableprivileges.md) | Retrieve table privilege information. |
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| [SQLTables](../../relational-databases/native-client-odbc-api/sqltables.md) | Retrieve table metadata. |
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| [SQLFreeHandle](sqlfreehandle.md) | Release an environment, connection, statement, or descriptor handle. |
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| [SQLFreeStmt](sqlfreestmt.md) | Free statement resources, close cursors, or unbind parameters and columns. |
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